Important vaccine diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Which ones are they?
A
- Poliomyelitis
- Rabies
- Tetanus
- Botulism
2
Q
Causes of polio
A
Caused by Polio virus type 1,2,3 (all ENTEROVIRUSES)
3
Q
Presentation of polio
A
- In 99% of people it is asymtomatic
- In 1% it is paralytic
- No sensory features
- Asymetric flaccid paralysis in the legs
4
Q
Treatment of polio
A
Preventative vaccine with all three polio viruses
5
Q
Sources and diagnosis of rabies
A
Sources:
- Dogs in Asia and Africa
- Bats in the developed world
Diagnosis
- Serology
- DNA PCR
6
Q
Treatment of rabies
A
- Injection
- Intensive care
- Death
7
Q
Who is given the preventative injection for rabies in the UK
A
Bat handlers, handlers of imported animals and travellers
8
Q
Cause of tetanus
- Name
- How it acts
A
clostridium tetani anaerobic gram negative bacterium Spore forming Toxins acts a NMJ Blocks inhibition of motor neurones Leads to rigidity and spasm
9
Q
Treatment for tetanus
A
- Preventative vaccine with antigens
- Immunoglobulin and penicillin for high risk patients
10
Q
Cause of botulism :
- NAME
- how it acts
A
- Clostridium botulinum
- Gram positive bacillus
- Anaerobic spore
- Releases neurotoxin which binds to pre-synaptic membrane and prevents release of Ach
- Acts in PNS and autonomic nervous junctions
11
Q
Three modes of infection of botulism
A
- Infantile intestinal colonisation
- Food-borne
- Wound- almost exclusively injecting drug users
12
Q
Presentation of botulism
A
- Clinical incubation for 4-14 days
- Descending flaccid paralysis
- Motor
- respiratory failure
- Autonomic dysfucntion: usually pupil dilation
13
Q
Diagnosis of botulism
A
- Nerve conduction study
- Mouse biossay
- culture from wound
14
Q
Treatment for botulism
A
- Anti-toxin
- Penicillin/ metronidazole
- Wound debridement
15
Q
Presentation of rabies
A
- Acute infection of the the CNS which affects all mammals
- Transmitted by bite or salivary contamination of an open lesion
- It is neurotrophic: enters via PNS and makes its way to CNS
- Causes ascending paralysis and encephalitis
- Paraestesia at original site of lesion : tingly sensation
