Important Terms Flashcards
atrophy
decrease in size
hypertrophy
increase in size
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
dysplasia
deranged cellular growth
metaplasia
replacement of one type of cell with another
ischemia
most common cause of hypoxia
reduced supply of blood
anoxia
total lack of oxygen
can cause myocardial infarction
xenobiotics
compounds and chemicals that have toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic properties
necrosis
sum of cellular changes occurring after local cell death
autolysis
autodigestion, a process of cellular self-digestion
coagulative necrosis
occurs as a result from protein denaturing
albumin turned from gelatinous, transparent state into firm, opaque substance
area affected called infarct
liquefactive necrosis
results from ischemic injury to neurons and glial cells in brain
brain cells are rich in digestive hydrolytic enzymes and lipids making them susceptible to necrosis
often triggered by bacterial infection
caseous necrosis
combines elements of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis
commonly results from tuberculosis
fatty necrosis
lipase break down triglycerides, releasing free fatty acids
free fatty acids combine with calcium, magnesium, and sodium creating soaps (saponification)
appears opaque and chalky white
