Important Terms Flashcards
Construct
Abstract idea, underlying theme or subject that we want to measure. Can be simple, complex, and contain multiple dimensions.
WHO Definition of QOL
“an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns”
CDC Definition of HRQOL
“an individual’s or a group’s perceived physical and mental health over time”
Yin et al: “a multi-dimensional concept commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life”
What is included in HRQOL?
community-level resources, conditions, policies, and practices that influence a population’s health perceptions and functional status
Happiness
‘The difference in value between the sum of pleasures of all sorts and the sum of pains of all sort which a man experience in a given period of time’
- subjective
- multidimensional
- balance between the positive and negative
HRQOL is…
dynamic, subjective, and multidimensional
Body Functions
physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
Body Structures
anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components
Impairments
problems in body function or structure such as a significant deviation or loss
Activity
execution of a task or action by an individual
Participation
involvement in a life situation
Activity Limitations
difficulties an individual may have in executing activities
Participation Restrictions
problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations
Physical Environmental Factors
- Physical environment characteristics are those settings such as the home, neighbourhood, and workplace that influence health outcomes either positively or negatively
- Architectural characteristics, climate, terrain, pollution
Personal/Individual Factors
- Gender
- Age
- Coping styles
- Social background
- Education
- Profession
- Past and current experience
- Overall behaviour pattern
- Character
Social Environmental Factors
- Social environmental characteristics are the interpersonal or social influences on health outcomes, including the influence of family, friends, and healthcare providers.
- Social attitudes, legal and social structures
Determinants of Health Domains
- Social
- Cultural
- Biological
- Geographical
Determinants of Health and HRQOL
- disease is easy to measure (dichotomous)
- social determinants of health are complex domains to measure
Physical Functioning
Extent to which health limits physical activates such as self-care, walking, climbing hills and stairs, bending, lifting, and moderate and vigorous activates
Satisfaction with Physical Ability
Satisfaction with physical activity to do what is wanted
Mobility
Amount of time in bed or chair, amount of time needing assistance getting around the community
Effects of Pain on Daily Activities
- Ability to walk, sleep or work
- Recreation
- Mood and life enjoyment
Pain Severity
Pain type, intensity, frequency and duration
Role Limitations Due to Physical Health
- Frequent rests
- Limited in type of work
- Difficulty with work
- Accomplishing less than wanted
Cognitive Functioning
Amount of time that someone is confused, slow to react, has difficulty with reasoning, was forgetful, had trouble keeping attention or had difficulty concentrating
Anxiety, Depression, Behavioural-Emotional Control & Psychological Distress
Amount of time spent nervous, bothered by nervousness, tense, had difficulty calming down, anxious, rattled or upset, restless, fidgety, low spirited, downhearted, depressed, moody, was not in firm control of their behaviour, felt like crying, felt like they were better of dead, was not emotionally stable, thought about suicide
Psychological Well-being, Positive Affect & Feelings of Belonging
Amount of time someone was happy, enjoyed things, felt calm and peaceful, satisfied, felt living was an adventure, felt cheerful, had interesting daily lives, romantic relationship, felt loved, felt close to people
Role Limitations Due to Emotional Problems
Limitation due to emotional problems including cutting down the amount of time spent, accomplishing less than wanted, less attentive
Energy/Fatigue & Vitality
Amount of time someone feels full of pep, energetic, work out, tired or had enough energy to do the things they want to do
Sleep Measures
Sleep disturbances, adequacy, somnolence (excessive daytime sleepiness) and frequency sleep-wake disturbances
Physical/Psychophysiological Symptoms (Non-disease specific symptoms)
- Stiffness, pain, swelling or soreness of muscles or joints
- Productive cough
- Backaches
- Nausea, Acid indigestion
- Heavy feelings in the arms and legs
- Headaches
- Lump in throat
Social Activity Limitations Due to Health/Social Functioning
Limitations in normal social activities due to physical or emotional problems
Role Functioning
Unable to work and/or housework due to health
Perception of Current Health
Self-rating of one’s overall current health
Perception of General Health
Self-rating of one’s overall current health, future health and resistance to illness
Health Distress
Amount of time feeling distressed about health, discouraged about health, worry about health, afraid because of health
Impairment
the problem, disease, or health condition
Disability
Result of the consequences of diseases/treatment
Handicap
Restrictions and limitations evolving from the disease or its consequences
Subjective
Relating to, proceeding from, or taking place within the thinking subject; proceeding from personal idiosyncrasy or individuality; opposed to objective
Objective
External to the mind, actually existing, real; exhibiting facts uncolored by feelings or opinions, not subjective
