Important Terminology Flashcards
an ideology?
an organised collection of ideas about the government, politics, religion etc.
capital?
is a factor of production that is not wanted for itself, but for its ability to help producing other goods ex. factories, land, etc.
gulags?
were concentration camps for people who were against the communist movement. enemies of the communist party were sent there.
class struggle
convlict between the haves and have-nots (capitalism)
Karl Marx
19th century philosopher, historian and scholar. He was better known as th father of communism. He addressed a wide range of political and social issues, but was best known for his analysis in history in which class struggles played a central role as a drivng force. his most famour book was das kapital
march revolution 1917
middle class revolution
october revolution 1917
communist revolution
anti-semitism
hatred against jews, their religion and culture
a pogrom
is a form of violent riots, a molo attack, either approved or condoned by the government or military authorities, directed against a particular group whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by killings and destruction of their homes, religious centers and property. the term was originally used to describe violence against jews in the russian empire.
what was the NEP
or new economic policy was a chnage approved by Lenin in which peasants were allowed to farm their own land and sell their own goods.
Collectivization
The Collectivization of agriculture means the forced merging of small private farms into large state enterprises (Kolkhoz). This term is
often used to describe Stalin’s agricultural renovations between 1928 and 1939. These ‘Collectivization’s’ have cost millions of lives due to the ruthless and cruel methods (deliberate starvation of whole districts, like in the Ukraine) used by Stalin.
holodomor
The famine which struck the Soviet Union in the winter of 1932-33 was unlike 1921 and appears to be ‘organized’ by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin whose main goal was to force farmers into collectivization and get rid of the kulaks (middle class). It is estimated that between 2 and 7 million people died from this man-made famine in Russia. Stalin replaced the dead with more Russians (ethnic cleansing).
Mensheviks
were the marxist russian social democratic Labour Party, communist party, they were a calmer and less violent party
Bolsheviks
were bigger other communist party, lead by Vladimir lenin, very violent and ruthless
plan economy
is an economic system in which the government or central authority makes all decisions about the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
war communism
Lenin’s ruthless policy during the civil war (famine), 1918-1921
propaganda
Propaganda is a set of messages aimed at influencing or changing people’s opinions about anything but mostly referring to political items.
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is a political system
in which the government controls
every aspect of its people’s public
and private lives. It is therefore an
intolerant system.
Examples: The Soviet Union under
Josef Stalin and Nazi Germany
under Adolph Hitler
communism
Historically: the principle of communal ownership of all property in society; basic economic resources are owned by ‘the people’ who are represented by the Communist Party. Modern communism is grounded in the ideas of Karl Marx. He hoped to see a society with no socio-economic difference between, for example, manual and intellectual labor, or urban and rural life. Social relations would be regulated by the maxim, ‘from each according to his ability and to each according to his needs’. Centrally planned economies have been developed in accordance with this ideology and there have been many forms of communism, all supposedly seeking the classless society.
Communism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the community or the state. The goal of communism is to achieve social equality and eliminate private property. It opposes the capitalist system, which is characterized by private ownership, profit motive, and competitive markets. Communism emphasizes collective ownership of resources, centralized planning, and the abolition of class distinctions. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels laid the theoretical foundations for communism, particularly in their work “The Communist Manifesto.” In practice, communist states such as the Soviet Union and China have implemented varying forms of central planning and state control. Communism aims to eliminate exploitation by ensuring everyone contributes to and benefits from the collective wealth of society.
verelendung
the process of the poor, becoming poorer and even more miserable
