Important Syndromes Flashcards
Flushing, dry skin, fever, blurred vision, psychosis, urinary retention
Anticholinergic syndrome
red as a beet, dry as a bone, hot as a hare, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, and full as a flask
Agitation, confusion, tachycardia, muscle rigidity/myoclonus, dilated pupils, and seizures
Serotonin syndrome
Hyperthermia, seizures, hypotension, dilated pupils, flushed/dry skin, intestinal ileus, QRS prolongation
TCA overdose
Muscle cramps, tremors, fever, variable blood pressure, agitation, delirium
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Flushing, watery diarrhea, valvular heart disease (tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis)
Carcinoid syndrome
Other sx: hypotension, bronchospasm, telangiectasia, and abdominal cramps
New chemotherapy treatment, acute renal failure, and elevated uric acid
Tumor lysis syndrome (renal failure from precipitation of uric acid and hypoxanthine in collecting tubules)
Tx: allopurinol and aggressive hydration prior to initiating chemo. Urinary alkalinization solubilizes intratubular uric acid as well.
Fever, fragmented RBC, and renal failure (no neurologic signs)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (often follows diarrheal illness)
Tx: plasmapheresis
Personality changes, ataxia, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, hearing loss, loss of proprioception/vibratory sense, and loss of pupillary response to light
Neurosyphilis
Key feature: Argyll Robertson pupils
Asymmetric polyarthritis, conjunctivitis, Achilles tendinitis, and urethritis following diarrheal episode
Reiter syndrome (reactive arthritis - can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree)
Chronic RA, splenomegaly, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and subcutaneous nodules
Felty syndrome
Rash, arthritis, malaise, meningoencephalitis with cranial nerve palsy and peripheral radiculoneuropathy
Lyme disease with neurologic manifestations
Tx: 2 weeks IV ceftriaxone
Alcoholic with perifollicular hemorrhage, purpura, splinter hemorrhages, gum involvement, normochromic normocytic anemia.
Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy)
Wasting associated with dermatitis (hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, and desquamation), dementia, and diarrhea
Niacin deficiency (pellagra)
Cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, confusion, retrograde amnesia, and confabulation.
Vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine - Beriberi)
Manifests as CV disease and neurologic disorders such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Macrocytic anemia, sore tongue, weakness, and ataxia
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Causes: pernicious anemia, gastrectomy, and ileal abnormalities
