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Pharm SBL exam 2 > Important skin changes in skin Blood and lymph > Flashcards

Important skin changes in skin Blood and lymph Flashcards

1
Q

Pathognomic characteristic of Measles

A

Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa are pathognomic

also see a maculopapular rash for 3-4 days after the onset of prodrome

Fever cough coryza and conjunctivitis

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2
Q

Characteristics of Parovirus

A

Erythema Infectiosum in children or fifth disease is characterized by

  • Slapped cheek appearance
  • circumoral pallor
  • maculopapular rash on the trunk and limbs
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3
Q

what is the most common cause of myocarditis in childhood

A

Parovirus

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4
Q

what other diseases does of parovirus B19 infection mimic

A

autoimmune states such as lupus, systemic sclerosis

antiphospholipid syndrome or vasculitis

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5
Q

What is Ehrlichiosis

A

a rickettsial infection common in missouri

fever chills headache malasie, myalgia, nausea, vomittin, anorexia, photophobia

abdominal pain miicking appendicitis, conjunctival injection, paatal petechiae, edema of dorsal hands, calf pain

Neuroogical: altered menta lstatus, cranial or peripheral motor nerve paralysis, sudden deafness

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6
Q

when does the erythematous macules appear on an erhrichiliosis patient?

A

5 days after onset of systemmic symptoms

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7
Q

what is the rash that is present in lymes disease

A

Erythema migrans

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8
Q

Stage 1 of Lymes disease

A

Early localized infection
Bulls eye lesion
viral like illness, mayalgias arthalgias headache fatigue and may have a fever

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9
Q

Sage 2 of lymes disease

A

weeks to months later

Bacteremia with erythema migrans
-secondary skin lesions

myopericarditis with atrial or ventricular arrhythmias and heart block
maybe neurological symptoms
conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Stage 3 of lymes diseae

A 
late persistznt infection
months to years
-Musculoskeletal manifestations
-monarticular or oligioarticular arthritis of the knee or other large weight bearing joints 
Chronic arthritis
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11
Q

can vesicle formation appear in Lymes disease

A

yes but does noot follow a dermatomal pattern like shingles

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12
Q

What virus is associated with Infecious Mononucleosis and what test is positive to determine it?

A

EBV

Positive heteropjile agglutination test (monospot)

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13
Q

Complications of Infectious Mononucleosis

A

Hepatitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, airway obstruction from adentitis, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

What causes Syphillis

A

Treponema Pallidum

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15
Q

What occurs in the first stage of Syphillis

A

Early stage

  • Primary lesion, is chancre and regional lymphadenopathy
  • second lesion is the skin and membranous membranes, bone or CNS and liver
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16
Q

what consists of the late stages of syphillis

A

Benign lessions involving the skin bones and viscera
-cardiovascular disease principally aortitis
CNS and ocular syndromes

17
Q

what are some of the secondary lesions in syphillis

A

Condylomata lata

mucous patches on the hands and feet

18
Q

what does a Coxsackievirus infection lead to?

A

Hand foot and mouth disease

or

Herpangina

19
Q

Clinical findings of Hand foot and mouth disease

A

Stomatitis
Vesicular eruption rash on hands and feet
Nail dystrophies and onychomadesis

vesicles will quickly erode and form yellow to gray oval or football shaped erosions on th palms and feet

20
Q

Clinical findings of Herpangina

A

SUdden onsent fevers
headaches
Myalgias
Petechiae or papules on thes soft palate that ulcerated in about 3 days and then heal

21
Q

what can the strains of Staphyloccocal toxins produce what impoortant entities

A
  • Scalded skin syndrome in children or bullious impetigo in adults
  • Necrotizing pneumonia in children
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Entrotoxin in food poisioning
22
Q

Characteristics of TSS

A

Abrupt onset of fever, vpmitting and watery diarrhea

  • diffuse macular erythematous rash and non prulent cinjunctiviis are common
  • morbilliform, scarlatiniform or even pustular rash
23
Q

how is Scarlet Fever caused?

A

Group A Strep (pyogenes

24
Q

what is the most common cause of tonsillopharyngitis in children and adults

A

Grp A strep

25
Q

Characteristics of Scarlet Fever

A

Generalized punctuate red prominent on neck in axillae roin skin folds
circumoral pallor
Strawberry tongue
Exudative Tonsillitis
Group A beta hemolytic streptococcu in cultures from throat
ANti streptolysin O titer ruse

26
Q

what di Erythema Multiforme look like and wht are most cases with these releated to?

A

Target lesions predominatly on the face and extremities

Most cases are related to Herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

27
Q

Defining characteristics of Varicella

A

aka CHicken pox

  • Rash that stays on face and trunk
  • Progress sequentially from rose colored macules to papules vesicles pustules and crusts
  • Lesions in all stages are present at the same time

will go in to latent phase pf hiding in sensory andautonomic neurons and host immunity to VZV

28
Q

What is the cause of Gonococcemia and what is its classic triad and charcteristics

A

Bacterial infection by neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram negative aerobic coccus shaped bacterium that is diplocci

Common STD

Classic Triad:

  • Dermatitis’
  • Migratory Polyarthritis
  • Tenosynovitis

SKin findings consist of small to medium macules or most typically hemorrhagic vesicopustules on an erythmatous base loocated on palms and soles
-slin lesions deveolp necrotic centers and led to a gun metal gray

29
Q

what causes Meningococcemia and how sdoes it present?

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

Disseminated Meningococcal:

  • Meningitis alone
  • Acute meinigococcemia with or withoit meningitis
  • Chronic Meningococcemia
30
Q

What occurs in severe cases of Meningoccemia?

A

Necrosis and underlying tissue may necessitate amputation

31
Q

what does Acute Meningococcemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation may produce?

A

Purpura Fulminans

32
Q

What is the Pentad of TTP

A

Thrombotic THrombocytopenia Purpura

  • Microandiopathic Hemolytic anemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Neurologic symptoms
  • Fever
  • Renal Failure
33
Q

How is TTP normally initiated?

A

Often an additional inflammatory trigger such as infection surgery pancreatitis or pregnacnt us required to initiate clinical TTP

34
Q

What to think when the purpura is palpable?

A

Vasculitis:

  • SLE
  • Sjorgens
  • Henoch Scholeins
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis

Infection

  • Meningococcemia
  • Gonoccemia
  • RMSF
  • Endocarditis
35
Q

What to think when the purpura is not palpable?

A

Autoimmune

  • Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
  • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Disseminated intravascular Coagulation
  • Other thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction
  • Clotting factor defect
36
Q

What is the most common form of cutaneous cancer? and how does it present

A

Basal cell carcinoma of the skin

  • Pearly palpable erythematous patch
  • waxy pearly apperance with telangiectatic vessels
  • Umbillicated bleeding
37
Q

How does squamous cell carcinoma present

A

Ulcer or warty nodule that is usually keratinized

38
Q

Risk factors of Melanoma

A 
History of sunburns and heavy sun exposure
Blue or green eyes
Blonde or red hair
Fair complexion
>100 typical Nevi or any atypical Nevi
Prior history or family history
p16 mutation

Pharm SBL exam 2 (6 decks)

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