Important Processes Flashcards
converts H2O and CO at high temperatures with a metal catalyst into liquid hydrocarbons
Fischer-Tropsch process
nitrogen fixation process that converts nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressures and high temperatures into ammonia
Haber Process
chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism.
Diels Alder Reaction
lime (CaO) and soda ash (Na2CO3) are added to the water to soften it
Lime Soda Process
use of molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) as the solvent for the aluminum oxide
Hall Heroult Process
originally major method of producing sodium. Now largely replaced by diaphragm cells
Chlor-alkali process
sodium mixed with calcium chloride and melted before being put in an electrolytic cell to be separated
Down’s cell
like the down cell except mercury is the conductor at the cathode
Mercury Cell
electrolytic cell where diaphragm prevents H+ and OH- from moving and so NaOH formed can be separated at one side
Diaphragm cell
produces nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen
Ostwald process
superheated water pumped into ground -> melts sulfur -> water pumped back out
Frasch Process
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen, passed over a hot catalyst, unite to form sulfur trioxide, which in turn combines with water to make sulfuric acid.
Contact Process
leaches bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution at high pressure and temp to form alumina
Bayer Process
treats gold ores with cyanide solution to dissolve it and zinc is added to reduce the gold back to a pure metal
Cyanidation
sulfur added to rubber before heating increases crosslinking which increases rubber strength while retaining elasticity
Vulcanization
