Important Processes Flashcards
converts H2O and CO at high temperatures with a metal catalyst into liquid hydrocarbons
Fischer-Tropsch process
nitrogen fixation process that converts nitrogen and hydrogen under high pressures and high temperatures into ammonia
Haber Process
chemical reaction between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative. It is the prototypical example of a pericyclic reaction with a concerted mechanism.
Diels Alder Reaction
lime (CaO) and soda ash (Na2CO3) are added to the water to soften it
Lime Soda Process
use of molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) as the solvent for the aluminum oxide
Hall Heroult Process
originally major method of producing sodium. Now largely replaced by diaphragm cells
Chlor-alkali process
sodium mixed with calcium chloride and melted before being put in an electrolytic cell to be separated
Down’s cell
like the down cell except mercury is the conductor at the cathode
Mercury Cell
electrolytic cell where diaphragm prevents H+ and OH- from moving and so NaOH formed can be separated at one side
Diaphragm cell
produces nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen
Ostwald process
superheated water pumped into ground -> melts sulfur -> water pumped back out
Frasch Process
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen, passed over a hot catalyst, unite to form sulfur trioxide, which in turn combines with water to make sulfuric acid.
Contact Process
leaches bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution at high pressure and temp to form alumina
Bayer Process
treats gold ores with cyanide solution to dissolve it and zinc is added to reduce the gold back to a pure metal
Cyanidation
sulfur added to rubber before heating increases crosslinking which increases rubber strength while retaining elasticity
Vulcanization
polymerization where monomers simply add together
Addition polymerization
polymerization where water molecule formed for each linkage
Condensation polymerization
polymerization where one monomer is polymerized first, and then substituents are added chemically
Grafting
produces metallic titanium from titanium tetrachloride by reducing it at high temperatures with liquid magnesium
Kroll Process
Creates soda ash(Sodium carbonate) from brine and calcium carbonate
Solvay Process
Cools gas by cycling it through a joule-thomson valve
Hampson-Linde Cycle
Cools gas by cycling it through a joule-thomson valve, but also expanding the gas and having it do work
Siemen’s cycle
any process that takes place in a number of steps, usually because the single step is too inefficient to produce the desired result.
Cascade Process
the formation of a metallic salt of a fatty acid
Saponification
Purifies lead of bismuth and antimony impurities
Betterton-Kroll Process
used to extract and purify nickel
Mond Process
