Important Names And Events Flashcards
1
Q
What is 사대/사대주의?
A
- lit. Serving the great
- kissing up to the ones in power
- for China, Korea actually believed that Chinese classics were better and to be respected
2
Q
What is 교린?
A
- Japanese-Korean relations
- small envoys sent to Japan because Korea saw Japanese as pirates
- about 100 Japanese were living in Busan
3
Q
What is Tsushima Island?
A
- small island between Korea and Japan
- off the coast of Busan
- where the daimyo lived and acted as intermediary to Korea (from Japan)
4
Q
What is Hamel?
A
- 1653
- Dutchman gets stranded on Jeju Island
- writes a journal about his life
5
Q
When did major Wedtern powers finally get to Korea?
A
- 16/17th century
6
Q
What is 서학? What is 시학?
A
- western learning
- practical learning (inspired by western learning)
7
Q
What was Korea’s isolation policy?
A
- from late 18th century- 19th century
- discouraging 서학
- prohibited trade and relations with mainly western groups (after Catholicism)
8
Q
What happened in 1842?
A
Koreans learned about the opium wars in China (Qing) with Britain
9
Q
What is the 쇄국?
A
- Taewongun’s isolation policy in Korea during the 1800s
10
Q
Who is Taewongun?
A
- 1821-1898
- leader/Korean king regent
- King Kojong was 12 when he became king
- many reforms, including a rebuilding of Gyeongbok Palace
- his domestic reforms weakened Korea’s economy
11
Q
What is 1866?
A
- year of foreign disturbances
- Frenchman sends letter for port opening
- American ship “sunrise” (crew was treated well but sent back to China)
- American ship General Sherman conflict with local Koreans and burn boat
- French fleet comes to Korea and they blockage Han River, loot and burn from Ganghwa Island
12
Q
What was the Low-Rogers Expedition?
A
- 1871
- to figure out what happened to General Sherman
- largest fleet ever assembled to Ganghwa Island
- first American-Korean war
- opened up Korea
13
Q
Who was Commodore Perry?
A
- Matthew c. Perry
- naval officer who opened Japan in 1853
14
Q
What is Un’yō?
A
- Japanese gunboat that Japan purchased
- 1873 disturbance to Korea
- upset that Korea rejected Japan’s “emperor”
15
Q
Who is Li Hongzhang?
A
- scholar who wrote the plan to open Korea to Japan and Westerners
- important in diplomacy between America and Korea
- concept to manage all the barbarians
16
Q
What is the Kanghwa Treaty?
A
- 1876
- declared that Korea was a sovereign nation (remove from Qing influence)
- several ports are to be opened up
- establishment of Japanese settlements under Japanese laws
- with Meiji Japan getting the most
17
Q
What is 개화?
A
- Koreans are starting to travel abroad
- also travel to Japan
18
Q
What is the Good Offices Clause?
A
- Americans will do everything to help their new friends, Koreans
- Friendship Clause
- no real legal binding though
19
Q
What is the Enlightenment Faction?
A
- the 개화
20
Q
What is 신사유람단?
A
- Gentleman’s Tour of USA 1881
- includes So Jae-pil aka Philip Jaisohn
- also tours to other places (Japan)
- King Kojong’s kids, young officials
- the 개화
21
Q
What is the Kapshin Coup of 1884?
A
- includes Kim Ok-kyun
- Pak Yonghyo (개화, pro-Japanese)
- Hong Yongsik
- So Kwangbom (개화, Kabo Reforms)
- So Chaepil (Philip Jaisohn)
- KILL all the people who are stopping the reforms (yangban folks)
- leads to collapse of enlightenment faction and reestablishment of China’s leadership
22
Q
What is Tonghak?
A
- began as a spiritual gathering under Choe Cheu
- was declared illegal for heresy by Korean court
- monotheist though not Christian or Islamic
- most followers were peasant farmers
23
Q
Who is Choe Cheu?
A
- born in Gyeongju in 1824
- father was a fallen yangban (chanban)
- mother was a concubine and remarried widow
- had experienced divine healing in 1860 and started preaching about Tonghak
- was executed in 1864, burned his writings, sent Tonghak underground
24
Q
What is chanban?
A
- Fallen yangban
- poorest of yangban
- lost access to highest government posts
25
Q
What is soja/서자?
A
- children of yangban and concubines
- seen as illegitimate kids
26
Q
What is the Tonghak Rebellion/Revolution of 1894?
A
- Tonghak leaders and mostly other peasant farmers (not Tonghak) against the yangban and elites
- seen as a people’s movement (so praised)
- half only wanted to clear Choe Cheu’s name
- not really a Revolution because didn’t overturn anything
- came out of concerns with the opening of the ports, spread of western learning, etc.
- Korean court asked China and Japan to send soldiers to intervene (Japan did)
27
Q
What is yongbu?
A
- talisman of Tonghak
- works with chumun (sacred incantation) to heal divinely
- attracted a lot of peasants
28
Q
Who is Choe Si-hyong?
A
- religious name: haewol
- distant relative of Choe Cheu, was given authority by him
- second patriarch of Tonghak
- created a more cohesive organization
29
Q
Who is Chon Pongjun?
A
- leader of the Tonghak Peasant Uprising
30
Q
What is 자주?
A
- lit. Rule yourself
- autonomy
31
Q
What is the 1888 Treaty with France?
A
- legalization of Catholicism
32
Q
Who is Horace Allen?
A
- American ambassador to Korea
- doctor
- missionary
- treated a Min royal relative after Gapsin Coup (1884)
- got close to King Kojong
- founder of Severance Hospital
33
Q
Who is Inoue Kaoru (1836-1915)
A
- Japanese ambassador to Korea
- attempted to make Korea dependent on Japan economically
34
Q
What are the Kabo Reforms?
A
- pro-Japanese
- govt documents start with year of dynasty reign not Qing
- Chinese treaties are to be revised with special ambassador dispatched to each country
- distinctions of hereditary status eliminated. now based on ability.
- hierarchy abolished between civil and military officials (only considered interacting among officials)
- family destruction bc of one person’s punishment abolished
- adoption only allowed when there are no legitimate or 서자
- early marriage forbidden (20 and 16 now)
- widows can remarry
- private and public slavery abolished
- commoners allowed to make suggestions to Deliberative Council
35
Q
Who are the Kabo reformers?
A
- Pak Yonghyo (Gapsin Coup, 개화), royal relative
- So Kwangbum (Gapsin Coup, 개화)
- Kim Hongjip
- Kim Yunsik
- O Yun Jung
- CAME BACK for these but either died or fled to other countries
36
Q
Who is Queen Min (1851-1895)?
A
- King Kojong’s wife
- influenced Kojong to take his place as king
- family was all over gov’t (just promoted no qualifications)
- Japanese with Taewongun colluded to assassinate her (what they said)
- masterless samurai, minura, doing it without Japanese gov’t knowing
37
Q
Who is Philip Jaisohn?
A
- idependence activist
- 1st naturalized Korean-American
- 1864-1951
- started Independence Club, Kwangmu Reforms, The Independent newspaper
- first bilingual newspaper
- So Chaepil
- 개화 and Gapsin Coup
38
Q
Who are the Kochang Kims?
A
- Kim Songsu
- Kim Yonsu
- founders of Korea University
- wealthy landowners who studied in Japan
- founders of Kyongbang Spinning and Weaving Company
- invested in Manchuria
39
Q
Who is Noguchi Shitagu (1873-1944)
A
- founder of Korean Nitrogen Fertilizer Company
40
Q
Who is Ugaki Kazushige (1868-1956)?
A
- general of Kanto Army in Manchuria
- begins the rural revitalization
- believed in cooperation with Korea
- pushed to decrease absentee landlords, tenancy disputes
41
Q
What was the Wanpaosan Incident (1931)?
A
- Korean & Chinese farmers arguing over access to water
- Japanese fight on behalf of the Koreans
42
Q
Who is Saitō Matoko?
A
- Japanese colonial governor general of Korea (1920s)
- relax censorship but increase police (who were Korean too)
- educational reforms
- local gov’t reforms
43
Q
What is budan seiji?
A
military rule (in Japanese)
44
Q
What is bunka seiji?
A
cultural rule (in Japanese)
45
Q
What is naichi echoshugi?
A
Concept of extended Japanese laws to the colonies
