Important movements, Military conflicts, Westward Movement, and Reconstruction

Question 1

What was the War with Barbary States?

Answer 1

A conflict with the Ottoman Tripolitania over payments not to pirate U.S. ships. Thomas Jefferson refused the tribute.
Stephen Decatur and Siege of Tripoli highlighted need for a proper navy.

Question 2

What was the effect of the Napoleonic Wars on the U.S.?

Answer 2

-Initial prosperity from re-exports.
-Britain began seizing ships and imposing sailors
-Lead to embargo of 1807 banning trade with Europe and devastated economy, act was soon replaced by non-intercourse act of 1808.
-lead to the Louisiana purchase.

Question 3

What was Tecumseh’s War and Tippecanoe

Answer 3

Conflict between Native American tribes and United States. Tecumseh sought to unite the tribes, climaxed with U.S. victory at Tippecanoe. Treaty of Fort Wayne, Shawnee left out. Plays into war of 1812 from adding tension.

Question 4

What was the Little Belt Affair

Answer 4

An encounter ending violent between a large American frigate and a smaller British ship, the British ship got heavily damaged. Both sides saying the other shot first, stimulated American outrage and overconfidence.

Question 5

What was the war of 1812?

Answer 5

After rising tension the U.S. declared war on Britain. The U.S. had some initial setbacks like a small army, disorganized militia, huge area to defend, small navy, wisp of a command structure. Soon British control nearly half of old Northwest. Britain was busy with continental war, Tecumseh killed. British forces burn D.C., peace made sep 11, 1814.

Question 6

What was the Battle of New Orleans?

Answer 6

Having news of the peace treaty not arrived, in the British gulf campaign to take New Orleans a poor British assault ended in a humiliating defeat with 2000 British losses and 73 American losses. It destroyed the Federalists.

Question 7

What did Indian removal in the 1830’s consist of?

Answer 7

1832-Blackhawk war, begun by Sauk leader, Blackhawk was an attempt to reclaim land. Casualties of battle fueled idea of India removal. 1830-Indian removal act. It provided for an “exchange of lands” pressuring Indians to east of the Mississippi river. Cherokee resisted and in 1838 were forcibly removed.

Question 8

What was the Texas Revolt?

Answer 8

After American settlers were given a land grant soon 3000 lived in the area, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna sends army to reestablish control. Causes battle of the Alamo March 6, 1836 and Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna forced to recognize.

Question 9

What was the Mexican-American war?

Answer 9

Invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846-1848, following the 1845 annexation of Texas. James K. Polk calls for war. Most Americans support war.

Question 10

When did South Carolina succeed starting the Civil War?

Answer 10

Dec 20, 1860.

Question 11

What was the most important part of the “first modern war”?

Answer 11

The navy and its anaconda strategy, south can’t sell cotton.

Question 12

What were the most important battles and captures of the Civil War?

Answer 12

Bull run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Shiloh, (important:) Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Question 13

What were the War Hawks?

Answer 13

Called for war against Britain, notable members: Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun.
Wanted to expand the borders and protect U.S. honor.
Opposed by John Randolph.

Question 14

What movement was Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa a part of?

Answer 14

Revival of Pan Indianism, religious movement stressed return to old ways. Called for attacks on American settlements.

Question 15

What happened after the treaty of Ghent?

Answer 15

The Battle of New Orleans

Question 16

What was the Nativism faction?

Answer 16

Mostly anti-Irish/Catholic
Blamed Irish for crime, corruption, drunkenness and job taking. Imposed stereotypes.

Question 17

What was the Indian removal movement?

Answer 17

Signed in 1830 it forced Indians west of the Mississippi River. Moved some 18 tribes or 60,000 Indians.

Question 18

What was the Bank War?

Answer 18

Central in Jacksonian age. Had the Second Bank of the U.S. recharter bill which was vetoed. Important participants: Nicholas Biddle, Andrew Jackson, Roger B. Taney.

Question 19

What did the early abolition movement consist of?

Answer 19

Quakers, slaves, and free blacks. In the 1830s Militant abolitionism: Slavery is a sin, immediate abolition, slaves should be integrated as equals.

Question 20

Backlash against Abolition

Answer 20

Not universally popular in North due to potential outcomes like disunion, worse profits and white supremacy.
Other things like assault on white liberties. Resulted in unpopular “Gag Rule”

Question 21

What two movements went hand in hand?

Answer 21

Abolition and Feminism

Question 22

What two women applied abolitionist doctrines to women in the women’s rights movement?

Answer 22

Angelina and Sarah Grimke

Question 23

Women’s rights

Answer 23

Elizabeth Cady Santon and Lucretia Mott were anti-slavery crusaders and organized the Seneca Falls Convention.
The Convention discussed women’s rights and produced the Declaration of Sentiments which was a document modeled after the Declaration of Independence, “All men and women are created equal”

Question 24

What did feminists parallel when demanding the right to enter the workplace?

Answer 24

Work=Emancipation

Question 25

What role did black Office Holders and voters play in reconstruction?

Answer 25

Reconstruction act=Black political activity.
Meetings for equal citizenship, sit ins, strikes, speeches.
New state constitutions improve southern conditions.
2000 black Americans hold office.

Question 26

Who were “carpetbaggers”?

Answer 26

A term used by Southerners used to describe opportunistic and disruptive Northerners who came to the south after the Civil War and perceived to exploit the populous. Soldiers and Northern investors.

Question 27

Who were “Scalawags”?

Answer 27

Referring to white southerners who supported reconstruction after the Civil War. Non-slaveholding white farmers, Unionists.

Question 28

Formation of the KKK

Answer 28

1866, similar to southern college fraternities. First “Grand Wizard” of the “Invisible Empire” “respectable citizens” as members.

Question 29

Targets of the KKK

Answer 29

Unionists, Republicans, Teachers, Party organizers, Black Americans (except
stereotypical ones)

Question 30

KKK’s kolapse

Answer 30

1870 and 1871 enforcement acts outlawing terrorist organizations and allows president to use U.S. troops against them. Grant sends troops and Federal Marshals.

Question 31

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 31

Jefferson offers to buy New Orleans, Napoleon offers to sell all of Louisiana for 15 million because of European wars and disastrous revolution in Saint Domingue.

Question 32

What was the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Answer 32

An expedition to explore and detail the Louisiana purchase in 1804.

Question 33

What advancements in transportation aided westward expansion?

Answer 33

The Erie Canal, Steam boats, Railroads

Question 34

What was Westward Movement?

Answer 34

From 1790-1840 4.5 million people go west. Creates rural communities, settlements in Florida, Texas, and Oregon.

Question 35

What was incorporated into the United States in 1819?

Answer 35

Florida.

Question 36

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Answer 36

1819 Missouri applied for statehood, it was already a slave territory so in the 1820 Missouri Compromise it was admitted as a slave state without restrictions, and Maine was admitted as a free state. Slavery was prohibited North of 36°30°

Question 37

What economic event caused migration west?

Answer 37

The panic of 1837. Created the Mormon exodus and Oregon trail.

Question 38

Despite the land belonging to newly independent Mexico, what territories were sparsely populated with ties to the U.S.?

Answer 38

California, New Mexico, and Texas.

Question 39

Despite the land belonging to newly independent Mexico, what territories were sparsely populated with ties to the U.S.?

Answer 39

California, New Mexico, and Texas.

Question 40

The Republic of Texas

Answer 40

Sam Houston elected first governor. Texas Congress calls for union with U.S..
Settlers immigrate bringing slaves with them.

Question 41

What contributed to Manifest Destiny?

Answer 41

The defeat of Mexico = proof of white supremacy. Race was made equivalent to color, culture, national origin, class, and religion.

Question 42

What was westward expansion in California?

Answer 42

1848 gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill, non-Indian population skyrockets. Extremely diverse immigrants. Mostly male. Growth was devastating for Indians.

Question 43

What was reconstruction?

Answer 43

Uniting the previously Confederate states back into the Union and finding what freedom meant for former slaves and other blacks.

Question 44

What was reconstruction?

Answer 44

Uniting the previously Confederate states back into the Union and finding what freedom meant for former slaves and other blacks.

Question 45

What were some major freedoms given to black Americans in Reconstruction?

Answer 45

No, whipping, forced removal, rape, education, equal rights and opportunity, travel.

Question 46

Why is education important in reconstruction?

Answer 46

To read the Bible, participate in the economy, and politics. Also tied to land ownership.

Question 47

What were the losses in the South from the Civil War to be recovered in Reconstruction?

Answer 47

260,000 men, farms and machinery, cotton prices, slave wealth.

Question 48

What did Southern Whites do in response to reconstruction freedom?

Answer 48

Whites attempted to define Black freedom on the narrowest possible terms. Antebellum customs, freedom as privilege, dependence, blacks occupy lower place in society.

Question 49

What were dominant labor systems as a part of Reconstruction?

Answer 49

Share cropping, task system, gang labor.

Question 50

What three amendments came out of Reconstruction?

Answer 50

13th, 14th, and 15th.

Question 51

What were the Black codes?

Answer 51

It defined freedom to the planter’s concepts. Blacks could not: testify against whites, serve in Juries or militias, vote. Blacks required to sign yearly contracts for labor.

Question 52

What was the Reconstruction Act?

Answer 52

Occurring in March of 1867 it: Divided the south into 5 military districts, called for new state governments, black suffrage. Also the beginning of Radical reconstruction.

Question 53

What were objections to reconstruction?

Answer 53

Planters and Democrats objected to Republican governments. Rising taxes, poor whites remain poor or got worse. The loudest opposition came from racism and “the good old days”.

Question 54

When did Northerners begin to turn away from reconstruction?

Answer 54

1872, media depicts reconstruction as a failure. After a severe economic depression of 1873 Supreme Court also acts against reconstruction.

Question 55

What was the Redeemers?

Answer 55

Reconstruction losing ground in the middle of 1870s, new non-reconstruction governments “redeemed” from corruption and black control. Violence erupts in reconstruction states.

Question 56

What was the Leopard affair?

Answer 56

A Britain that ship killed 3 Americans

Question 57

What did the Leopard affair lead to?

Answer 57

The Embargo act of 1807 which banned all trade with Europe