Important Literature 2 Flashcards
Transitional figure between the Neoclassical and Romanticist styles, showing characteristics of both
Philip Freneau
The Indian Burying Ground features the concept of the
Noble Savage
Early Romanticism (Transcendentalism) versus late (Dark) Romanticism
Two Strains
Deep appreciation of _____ was a feature of Romanticism
Nature
Preoccupation with the _____/______/______ in general was a feature of Romanticism
genius/hero/ exceptional figure
Emphasis on the _____ and ______ was a feature of romanticism
artist and imagination
_____ over _____/ senses over intellect was a feature of romanticism
emotion over reason
Emphasis on/interest in ________. was a feature of romanticism
folk culture
Predilection for the _____, remote mysterious, weird, occult, monstrous, diseased, even the satanic was a feature of the romanticism.
exotic
America is more confident as a nation and is taken more seriously
War of 1812
America starts to define itself away from Europe and develop a national identity.
Nationalism
Turbulent, dynamic, ambitious, optimistic, and independent
European views of America
How many states were admitted between 1815 and 1860?
Fifteen
How much does the population rise from 1820 to 1860?
9.6 million to 31.4 million
From 1800 to 1830, there are ______ immigrants
250,000
From 1830 to 1850, there are _______ immigrants to America, mostly from Ireland and Germany
2.5 million
Increasingly harden after 1830
Class lines
By 1850, America has more ________ than Europe
millionaires
The years from about 1830 to 1850
Abolistionsist
What were some Utopian Groups?
Oneida community & Shakers
From about 1790 to 1840, Baptist and Methodist membership skyrockets. LDS founded. Holiness movement
The Second Great Awakening
A transitional figure between Enlightenment and Romanticism
Washington Irving
Washington Irving was often called
“The First American Man of Letters”
Washington Irving’s publication in 1809. It was a satirical work, it mocks histories of the period
The History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker
Washington Irving’s publication in 1820. Published Irving becomes famous and abroad.
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon Gent
A short anonymous narrative passed down through oral tradition . It has a “group authorship”
Folktale
The Fireside poets use standard poetic _____, _____, _____
conventions, meter, and rhyme
Transcendentalism is the _______________________
Dominant Romanticism in America
Everything in the mind/ intellect has been previously experienced by the senses
John Locke
There are intuitions/ transcendental forms in the mind/ intellect that ARE NOT gained from the senses, but the mind CANNOT know reality absolutely
Immanuel Kant
The mind/ intellect CAN apprehend absolute spiritual truths without the senses, past authority, or reasoning truth may be “felt”
Transcendentalists
Ultimately “ human beings can intuitively transcend the limits of the senses and of logic and directly receive higher truths denied to the more mundane ways of knowing
Transcendant way of Knowing
Lecture halls for organized adult education
The LYCEUM Movement
What was published anonymously in 1836 that Put forth Emerson’s ideas on transcendentalism ?
Nature
What speech was given by Ralph Waldo Emerson that urges an American literature and scholarship?
“The American Scholar
Emerson was shocked by the ______________ in the public media about his delivered speech “The Divinity School Address’’
Very negative reaction
From 1850 to 1855, many of the best known books of the 19th century American literature are published,
The American Renaissance
Was wrote by Nathaniel Hawthorn in 1850?
The Scarlet Letter
Was wrote by Nathaniel Hawthorn in 1851?
The House of the Seven Gables
Was wrote by Henry David Thoreau in 1854?
Walden
Was wrote by Walt Whitman in 1855?
Leaves of Grass
In his day, Poe was mostly known for his _______ and _______
Literary criticism and poetry.
Today, Poe is mostly known for his contribution to
short fiction
Poe is widely recognized today as having invented ________ and _________
detective fiction and science fiction
The Raven being viewed as “death” is an example of
symbolism
What is a short story as Poe theorized it?
Short enough to be read in one sitting, one single effect, one protagonist, one major incident in the plot
A ______________, usually set in an isolated location and featuring a “damsel in distress” and fantastic plot elements. Usually , ________________
tale of humor. Setting is stressed over characterization.
The lonely house, the storm, the “woman child”, a menacing male “monster”, a horrendous crime in which it is usually murder, black/ white images, and sexuality are all
Major elements of the gothic
During the civil war, Fredrick Douglas was instrumental in forming ______________, which eventually totaled ______________.
Units of free black soldiers, 10% of union forces.
Genre dating from 1830 to 1860- autobiographical accounts of former slaves
Slave narrative
What is Herman Melville’s earliest publication?
Typee (1846)
What are the three publication in Herman Melville’s later life?
Moby-Dick (1851), The Piazza Tales(1856), and Billy Budd, forelopmann (1924)
What are sources for Moby- Dick?
The Whale Ship Essex, and Mocha Dick.
From about 1820 to 1860, there were numerance and varied reform movements in the united states.
Temperance movement, women’s rights movement, abolitionist movement, utopian groups
When asked if he had made peace with God, he replied, “ I was not aware we had ever quarreled.”
Famous last words of Henry David Thoreau
The Maine woods (1864) and Cape Cod (1865)
Excursion writings
A Plea for Captain John Brown and Rewards After the Hanging of John Brown ( both in 1859)
Abolitionist writings
Who was “Civil Disobedience” vey influential on in the 20th century?
Gandhi and King
Was known as The Poet of the American revolution
Philip Freneau
Identify the person:
Over the course of his life, he worked as a school teacher, a plantation secretary, sailor on a privateer (captured and released), shipmaster, newspaper reporter and editor, and edited the national gazzette
Philip Freneau
Characteristic of Whitman’s poetry
Barbaric, unconventional/revolutionary, deals frankly with extremly private experiences including sexuality, and celebrates the collective experience of an idealized american democracy
A first statement is repeated or amplified in a different form
Parallelism
What are whitman’s poetic conventions?
Catalogue/listing
Whitman’s lists __________ as they go along
grow in intensity
