Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 3a Jess > Important ILA Points > Flashcards

Important ILA Points Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up a septic screen?

A
  1. Urinalysis
  2. Bloods (FBC, CRP, U&E)
  3. Blood cultures
  4. Lumbar puncture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of sepsis?

A

Inappropriate systemic response to infection that leads to end organ dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are serious bacterial infections in kids?

A
  1. UTI
  2. Meningitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Bacteraemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would results of CSF be in meningococcal septicaemia?

A
  1. High neutrophil count
  2. No red cells
  3. Low glucose
  4. High protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why may a child with meningococcal septicaemia present in acidosis?

A

They are tachypnoeic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why might you restrict fluids in a child with meningitis?

A

If they have raised ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What would you do if you had given a child with meningitis two boluses and they were still not getting any better

A

IV inotropes

Call PICU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What antibiotic treatment would you give a 1 year old child with meningitis?

A

IV Ceftriaxone

IV Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What causes purpura in meningitis?

A

N. meningitidis releases endotoxins which active factor VII, causing DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Would you fluid restrict a child that presented with meningitis?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What antibiotics would you give close contacts?

A

Rifampicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What treatment do you start kids on if they have JIA?

A

NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you give in JIA if the child still has symptoms after first line treatment?

A

Steroid injections

Immunosuppressants - methotrexate / etanercept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the criteria for Kawasaki’s?

A 
BURN (>38 for 5 days)
Conjuntivitis
Rash - trunk and extremities
Adenopathy - cervical
Strawberry tongue
Hands - oedema erythema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do you reduce the dose of aspirin in Kawasaki?

A

When the fever is gone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two drug treatments do you give in Kawasaki’s?

A
  1. Aspirin

2. Gamma globulin (STAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What investigation is key in Kawasaki’s?

A

ECHO - initial and 6 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What syndrome can aspirin cause?

A

Reye’s - liver and brain damange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens cardio wise in Kawasaki?

A

Inflammation of vessels which leads to formation of aneurysms. May heal but may thrombus and cause MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would a blood gas show in DKA?

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What tests do new diabetics need to have (3)?

A
  1. Thyroid
  2. Coeliac
  3. Haemoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do you fluid restrict in DKA?

A

Cerebral oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When do you start giving insulin in DKA?

A

1 or 2 hours after fluid replacement starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does do you give of insulin in DKA?

A

0.1 units/kg/hour CONTINUOUSLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do you add in after insulin starts to work

A

5% Dextrose (when glucose <14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Leading cause of congenital hypothyroid in UK?

A

Dysgenesis/aplasia of thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Leading cause of congenital hypothyroid worldwide?

A

Iodine deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What medication do you give for hypothyroid (congenital) and how does dose matter?

A

Levothyroxine

  1. Start 10-15 mg/kg
  2. Increase by 5 very fortnight
  3. Maintain on 20-50 mg/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What would untreated congenital hypothyroidism lead to?

A

Cretinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are some symptoms you may notice if congenital hypothyroidism went undiagnosed?

A

Learning disability
Clumsiness
Short
Large tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are some causes of critically unwell neonates?

A 
Trauma
NAI
Heart disease
Endocrine - CAH
Metabolic - hypo's
Inborn errors of metabolism
Sepsis
Formula issues
Intestinal problems
Toxins
Seizures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What blood gas results might you see in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation, with hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If a neonate presents with CAH in <24h, how might they present?

A

Salt losing crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would you treat a baby <24h in CAH?

A

NaCl, dextrose, hydrocortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How might a girl present with CAH?

A

Ambiguous genitalia

hypertrophic clitoris, fused labia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How might a boy present with CAH?

A

Tall stature, precocious puberty, large penis, pigmented scrotum

37
Q

What is the long term treatment for CAH?

A

Hydrocortisone

Fludrocortisone

38
Q

If you detected CAH pre-natally, how would you treat it?

A

Give dexamethasone to mother

39
Q

How do stridor and wheeze differ?

A 
Stridor = upper airway
Wheeze = lower airway
Wheeze = prolonged expiratory phase
40
Q

How do you diagnose croup?

A

Symptoms

41
Q

Symptoms specific to croup?

A
  1. Stridor
  2. Barking cough
  3. Hx coryza
  4. Low grade fever
42
Q

What is the cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza

43
Q

What is first line Tx for croup?

A

Dexamethasone STAT

44
Q

If first line Tx fails in croup and child gets more unwell, what do you do?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Nebulised adrenaline
  3. Neb budecanide (dex)
  4. IM dexamethasone
45
Q

Symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A
  1. Low grade fever
  2. Peripheral cyanosis
  3. Low oxygen sats
  4. Increase WoB
  5. Widespread creps
  6. Bilateral wheeze
46
Q

Name 4 features that might increase risk of bronchiolitis

A
  1. premature birth
  2. low birth weight
  3. congenital heart disease
  4. passive smoking
47
Q

What would you give at risk groups of bronchiolitis?

A

Palivizumab immunisation

48
Q

What would you detect on Guthrie’s test if a kid had CF?

A

Immunoreactive trypsinogen

49
Q

Name 5 things that can be detected on heel prick test

A
  1. CF
  2. Sickle cell
  3. Congenital hypothyroid
  4. Phenylketonuria
  5. Maple syrup urine disorder
50
Q

How might CF present in a newborn?

A

Meconium ileum
Prolonged jaundice
Failure to thrive

51
Q

What is the genetic benefit making CF more common?

A

No diarrhoea

52
Q

What are the symptoms on auscultation

A

Pansystolic murmur at lower left sternal border

Palpable thrill

53
Q

What might you see on a CXR in VSD?

A

Enlarged pulmonary artery

Cardiomegaly

54
Q

What do you treat VSD with drug wise?

A

Diuretics (Furosemide and Sprinolactone)

ACEi

55
Q

Organic causes of faltering growth?

A

Inadequate intake
Malabsorption
Increased requirement
Unable to suck - cleft palate

56
Q

Non-organic causes of faltering growth?

A

Parent education
Neglect
Child abuse

57
Q

What does DMSA look for?

A

Renal scarring/problems

58
Q

What does micturating cystourethrogram look for?

A

Flow

59
Q

Management of constipation in kids? (4)

A
  1. Increase fluids
  2. Increase dietary fibre
  3. Movicol / lactose (osmotic)
  4. Stimulant (Senna)
60
Q

Causes of proteinuria in kids?

A
  1. Minimal change disease
  2. Glomerulonephritis
  3. Penicillin
  4. Shock
  5. Exercise
  6. Infection - UTI
  7. Nephrotic disease
  8. Nephritic disease
61
Q

What investigations to do if suspect nephrotic disease?

A
  1. Blood test - albumin, FBC, U&E, complement
  2. Urine dipstick
  3. USS
  4. Renal biopsy
62
Q

What medication would you try initially for nephrotic syndrome?

A

Prednisolone (2mg for 4 weeks, then 1.5)
Diuretics (furosemide)
Penicillin until oedema goes

63
Q

What is the moro reflex?

A

If baby thinks it is falling it abducts arms (spreads) and then unspreads them

64
Q

What would you be concerned about if moro reflex persists?

A

Cerebral palsy

65
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Permanent movement disorder causing stiffness, poor coordination, visual, hearing and speech problems

66
Q

What is the main cause of CP?

A

Hypoxia

67
Q

What are the 4 types of CP?

A
  1. Spastic
  2. Ataxic
  3. Atheoid
  4. Mixed
68
Q

Classic presentation of juvenile absence epilepsy?

A

Daydreaming is school repeatedly, then noticed at home. School work deteriorating

69
Q

Classic presentation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

In the morning, sudden jerks of muscles which cause clumsiness

70
Q

Prognosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?

A

80% stay on epilepsy meds for life

71
Q

What does an APGAR score look at?

A 
Colour
Heart rate
Breathing
Flexion of arms and legs against resistance
Grimace/reflex
72
Q

Give 3 risk factors for infection in neonates

A
  1. Premature rupture of membranes
  2. Maternal fever
  3. Prematurity
73
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

In premature babies, there is a deficiency of surfactant which leads to widespread alveolar collapse and therefore impaired gas exchange

74
Q

What would you see on a CXR if a baby had Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A

Diffuse, granular ground glass appearance of lungs

Heart border indistinct

75
Q

What do you need to give a baby with Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

A
  1. Surfactant
  2. Benzylpenicillin
  3. Gentamicin
76
Q

Why do preterm infants get hypoglycaemia?

A

There is a deficiency of glycogen stores. Premature babies get hypothermic very easily, and use lots of energy to stay warm. This uses up glucose.

77
Q

What complication might you get if you build up fluids too quickly?

A

Necrotising Entercolitis (NEC)

78
Q

What symptoms would suggest NEC?

A
  1. Distended abdomen
  2. Aspiration of NG tube
  3. Increasing O2 requirement
  4. Blood in meconium
79
Q

What would an Xray show if a baby had NEC?

A
  1. Free air in abdomen
  2. Necrotic bowel
  3. Bowel perforation
80
Q

What might be a cause of shock in a premature baby?

A
  1. Intraventricular haemorrhage
  2. Sepsis - DIC
  3. NEC
  4. Pulmonary haemorrhage
81
Q

What 4 areas might have complications due to baby being premature?

A
  1. Eyes - retinopathy of prematurity
  2. Hearing
  3. Lungs - bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  4. Brain - IV haemorrhages
82
Q

What happens in retinopathy of prematurity?

A

Blood vessels in retina haven’t developed properly. This causes detachment and fibrosis.
Treatment - laser and anti-VEGF

83
Q

What causes hearing problems in prem babies?

A

Gentamicin

84
Q

What is the criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

A

Needing oxygen past 36 weeks of age

85
Q

What are the two treatments for <24h jaundice?

A
  1. Phototherapy - converts unconjugated bilirubin to pigment that can be excreted
  2. Exchange transfusion via umbilical line
86
Q

What is kernicterus?

A

When unconjugated bilirubin gets deposited in the basal ganglia and brainstem, causing encephalopathy

87
Q

What are symptoms of kernicterus?

A 
Lethargy
Poor feeding
Irritable
Increased tone
Seizures
Come
Death
88
Q

If a baby survives kernicterus, what do they develop?

A

Cerebral palsy

89
Q

What is the major thing you don’t want to miss in a >2 weeks jaundice baby?

A

Biliary atresia!!! (conjugated)

Phase 3a Jess (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions