important glossary terms of communication systems Flashcards
3G (4G and 5G now)
allow mobile devices to connect to the internet when out in public using RADIO TECHNOLOGY.
-Individual must have a paid plan with telecommunications service provider, in order to access 3G e.g Telstra, Optus and Vodafone
Application Level
this is where participants and users create the message (a.k.a the sending stage)
Bluetooth
short-range wireless networks used by Bluetooth-enabled devices to connect
data transmission between the devices requires initial pairing of the devices.
devices can connect automatically when in range of one another after initial pairing.
Bridge
required to connect one network to another network that is using the same communication protocols
It combines two LANs to form an extended LAN (look at task 2 assignment). example i used is a router connecting both the teaching hospital and hospital that connects the hubs from each side
Bus Topology
network topology where all nodes are connected to a single backbone cable known as a bus
All network traffic flows across bus cables before reaching a destination device.
Coaxial Cable
is made up of a single copper wire that is wrapped in an insulator, grounded copper shielding, and an outside insulator.
data can be sent with less interference thanks to the shielding (important)
Checksum
counting the number of bits in a data packet.
The count of bits (as a binary digit) is attached to the data packet and used by the receiver to check whether all the bits have arrived SUCCESSFULLY
Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
-look more into this
uses the division method. The lengths of the data have been established and the sum of them is fixed.
The remainder of the calculation is attached and sent with the data
Client
A client is a computer that connects to and uses the resources of a remote computer or server e.g access to files, applications and peripherals
Communication Control & Addressing Level:
this is when a message is encoded before transmission and decoded after transmission.
the IP protocol is used to address the message in this case, and TCP is used for error detection.
Decoding
the transforming of received packets of data back into their [original message] form.
Destination
A device where a message is intended to end up in order to be read by a user or participant
E-commerce
Electronic commerce involves conducting business over the internet, such as buying and selling goods through online marketplaces e.g Ebay, Amazon
EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale)
is a system that allows people to purchase goods and services using a [credit card or debit card] at a point of sales (POS) terminal.
It involves the electronic transfer of money from the customers bank account to the bank account of the retailer of whom they are purchasing the goods from.
Electronic Banking
Websites and apps set up by banks which allows customers to view their account balances, transaction history, as well transfer money between accounts and pay bills using Bpay
e.g Commonwealth bank
Electronic mail allows for the communication of messages and files between email users using a devices with an internet connection.
contains header and the content
Encoding
Where the message is converted into packets of data before it is transmitted over a network.
Ethernet/Ethernet cables
a PROTOCOL that enables continuous data transmission in both directions to all network nodes.
The purpose of an ethernet cable is to PROVIDE an internet connection
Extranet
a private network extension that makes some information accessible to the general public (such as clients and suppliers).
Gateway (a piece of networking hardware or software )
Required to connect a network with OTHER networks which are running DIFFERENT protocols.
Handshaking
Handshaking is the connection between the computer and a device.
During a handshake, the two devices make sure that they know certain connection requirements of each other.
Hub
A central network node which sends data along all cables to all computers it is connected to, as all nodes connected to the hub share the same transmission channel - the dumber version of switches, in simpler terms
Hybrid Topology
A network topology which is includes a combination of two or more topologies (bus, star, ring and wireless topologies)
Infrared
Used for short range, line of site data transmission, meaning that the sending and receiving devices must be pointed at one another and the signal is unable to penetrate objects such as walls.
hint: tv remote when turning on the Tv (must be lined up towards the tv monitor in order for it to work)
Internet
A global, public network where materials and resources are shared between people around the world.
Internet Protocol (IP)
addressing protocol that moves data packets from a sender to a specific receiver
(think of it as the AusPost mail truck, delivering mail to your home sent from overseas) - they need to identify YOUR home address
Intranet
A private network where shared files and resources are only accessible to a specific organisation.
Only users who are a part of the organisation can have access to the intranets data
Microwave
-high frequency radio signal
this can send data wirelessly over a long distance.
occurs in line of sight between transponders (satellite) which are arranged 40 to 50 km apart in distance
Mobile Phones
Multipurpose devices that can access of a variety or network configurations via cellular, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections
Modem
a device that enables the conversion of digital signals into analogue signals for transmission via analogue networks, such as the older telephone lines
Network Interface Cards (NIC)
a chipset that connects to a systems motherboard via an expansion slot, which will allow a device to connect to a network
basically connects a computer to the computer network. without it, the computer cannot connect
Optic Fibre Cable
wired transmission medium which uses a laser of light to carry data through very thin glass fibres
-free from electromagnetic and radio interference, it is also very secure and can transmit data over long distances at very high speeds without errors
Parity Bit Check
An error detection method which involves an extra bit of data (0 or 1) being added to encoded data
-sender and receiver decide whether an odd or even parity will be required for error detection when handshaking
Protocol
rules that govern the transmission of data over a network
both the sender and receiver must be able to transmit data without an issue
Radio
A wireless transmission medium which uses radio waves that can be line of site or wide area e.g wifi, bluetooth are common examples
the microwaves in kitchens are bigger than the radio you listen to music with (radio transmissions are used in a much smaller location)
MAC address
The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a binary number used to identify computer network adapters
(already built in when first manufactured)
Ring Topology
network topology where data packets flow in the one direction moving from one device to the next, until the data packet arrives at its destination based on the devices unique address
one direction = put the Ring on Zayn Malik
Router
Network hardware which sends data between different networks of the same protocol through multiple channels - capable of connecting devices to the internet
RSS
It’s an easy way for you to keep up with news and information that’s important to you, and helps you avoid the conventional methods of browsing or searching for information on websites
Thin client
software that is primarily designed to communicate with a server e.g the web browser (software that relies on a remote server)
Thick client
software that provides its own features - mostly functional when disconnected
-characterised by software you install when offline e.g database server like Microsoft access
Satellites
they are geostationary devices that receive signals from earth (called uplink) and relay the signal to another location on the earth (downlink) at A DIFFERENT FREQUENCY
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
-application level protocol (with HTTP)
-uses public key encryption
-ensure the secure transmission of data over the internet
-“https” indicates that there is an SSl
Server
-provides resources such as files, email, and print services
-client systems should access these resources on a network in the client-server model
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
-application level protocol used for sending and receiving email
- incorporates one of two other protocols, POP3 or IMAP, that let users download and save messages in a server mailbox
Source
where message originates from
-users and participants create a message
Star Topology
central node connects all outlying nodes (the one I used for assessment task 2)
-enables connected systems to transmit and receive packets of data to and from each other directly via the sentral node
-switch is commonly use to connect to multiple ports
Switch
sentral node which allows for data to be sent to a specific node on a local network (in the middle)
-switch can connect many devices due to its large amount of ports
-faster can a hub - data can be sent through multiple channels, both to and from specific sources / destinations
Switching & Routing
message is received from a transmitting device in a central location
then the message is put on a route to a receivers device based on its IP Address
-used to achieve this process include a combination of switches and routers
Teleconferencing
information technology allows for a meeting to occur at the same time in different locations in real time (e.g zoom calls, microsoft teams etc.)
-multiple data types to be shared through the use of the communication technology
-categories: Audio Conferences and Video Conferences
Token Ring
-transmission level protocol
-the continuity of data packets passing through called “token” through a ring based network
-A node that wants to communicate data will grab a free token, attach the data, and include the recipient’s address
–If the sender does not get an acknowledgement, the packet is sent again.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
control and addressing protocol which has the primary responsibility of ensuring that the messages are delivered accurately
-includes an error checking method known as checksum
- “sliding window” to control the flow of data and ensure that every byte of data has been successfully received
Transmission Level
bottom level of the communication systems framework
-physical transmission of a message between sending and receiving devices
Transmission Media
channels that data packets are transferred through (we are referring to coaxial, twisted pair or fibre optic, as wired channels)
-could also be wireless (radio, microwaves, satellite or infrared)
Transmitter
A device that is used to send the message
Twisted Pair Cable
wired transmission medium that consists of two thin insulated copper wires, twisted to form a spiral
think of the name “twisted pair”
- twisted for the purpose of reducing the amount of interference from other cabling
voicemail:
digital version of an answering machine which allows communication between individuals by storing and forwarding spoken messages
-stored on a voicemail system and can only be retrieved by the intended receiver
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
VoIP allows voice calls to be made to any normal telephone across the globe using digital data
-interface with the public switched telephone network (PSTN)
Wireless Access Points (WAP)
are set up within networked environments in order to allow devices to connect to a wireless network
(e.g those tower thingy are WAP)
Wireless Topology
network topology which requires no cabling when connecting devices
-Instead, devices are linked together utilising internal or external USB-attached wireless network adapters. Service set identifiers (SSIDs) are used by wireless adapters to broadcast signals. Then, a wireless router is used to link all of the devices.
