Important from the Reading

Question 1

Do more women die of heart attacks then men?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Name the three layers of the heart

Answer 2

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 3

Difference between a pericardial effusion and a pericardial Tampenade

Answer 3

An effusion is a small accumulation of fluid, A tampenode is a large accumulation of fluid. Both in the pericardial sac.

Question 4

2 main coronary arteries

Answer 4

LCA, RCA

Question 5

What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 5

Norepinepherin

Question 6

Another name for the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

Adrenergic system

Question 7

1 heart, 2 lungs

AB arteries

Answer 7

Beta 1, Beta 2 receptors

Alpha (vasoconstriction) and Beta (vasodilation) receptors

Question 8

What do sympatholytic agents do?

Answer 8

Block the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

What is the effect if a beta blocker is administered prior to a sympathomimetic.

Answer 9

It will remain attached to the beta receptor sites and prevent a beta adrenergic (epi) from exerting its usual effect

Question 10

Increase in CO + PVR =

Answer 10

Increase in BP

Question 11

Digitalis is given for

Answer 11

CHF, atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia

Question 12

Patients taking digitalis are sensitive to fluctuations in serum levels of what electrolytes?

Answer 12

Calcium and potassium

Question 13

Three major classes of drugs used to relieve pain of angina by reducing myocardial oxygen demand

Answer 13

Nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

Question 14

Nitrates can be used as an adjunct of therapy to treat…

Answer 14

pulmonary edema secondary to left sided heart failure (CHF)

Question 15

How does a beta blocker work to decrease the hearts demand for oxygen?

Answer 15

By decreasing the rate and strength of cardiac contractions

Question 16

What are the two ways calcium Channel blockers relieve angina

Answer 16

1. By preventing spasm of the coronary arteries

2. Weakening cardiac contraction

Question 17

Significant side effect of calcium channel blockers

Answer 17

Hypotension

Question 18

What are diuretics commonly prescribed for?

Answer 18

Patients with chronic fluid overload, CHF

Question 19

What electrolytes are patients with CHF commonly low

Answer 19

Potassium

Also prone to cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 20

Beta blockers are commonly used in the treatment of…

Answer 20

Hypertension

Always check orthostatic blood-pressure for patients on beta blockers

Question 21

Patients on anticoagulant therapy typical INR numbers

Answer 21

+-2.5

Question 22

Commonly Rx anti platelet drug for managing MI

Answer 22

Plavix (Clopidogrel)

Question 23

What are the bipolar leads?

Answer 23

I,II,III contain 1+ and 1-

Question 24

What are the augmented leads?

Answer 24

aVL, aVF, aVR

Contain a combination of +-

Question 25

T wave has 2 halves, what are they?

Answer 25

Absolute refractory and relative refractory

Question 26

What does the QTI represent?

Answer 26

All of the electrical activity in 1 ventricular cycle. If no Q wave is present measure from the R wave

Question 27

When is a T wave symmetrical?

Answer 27

In T wave abnormalities

Question 28

What is a concordant precordial pattern?

Answer 28

When all precordial leads have an upward QRS. Can be due to incorrect lead placement, to anterior MI or VT