Important from the Reading Flashcards
Do more women die of heart attacks then men?
Yes
Name the three layers of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Difference between a pericardial effusion and a pericardial Tampenade
An effusion is a small accumulation of fluid, A tampenode is a large accumulation of fluid. Both in the pericardial sac.
2 main coronary arteries
LCA, RCA
What is the neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinepherin
Another name for the sympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic system
1 heart, 2 lungs
AB arteries
Beta 1, Beta 2 receptors
Alpha (vasoconstriction) and Beta (vasodilation) receptors
What do sympatholytic agents do?
Block the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
What is the effect if a beta blocker is administered prior to a sympathomimetic.
It will remain attached to the beta receptor sites and prevent a beta adrenergic (epi) from exerting its usual effect
Increase in CO + PVR =
Increase in BP
Digitalis is given for
CHF, atrial dysrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardia
Patients taking digitalis are sensitive to fluctuations in serum levels of what electrolytes?
Calcium and potassium
Three major classes of drugs used to relieve pain of angina by reducing myocardial oxygen demand
Nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
Nitrates can be used as an adjunct of therapy to treat…
pulmonary edema secondary to left sided heart failure (CHF)
How does a beta blocker work to decrease the hearts demand for oxygen?
By decreasing the rate and strength of cardiac contractions
What are the two ways calcium Channel blockers relieve angina
- By preventing spasm of the coronary arteries
2. Weakening cardiac contraction
Significant side effect of calcium channel blockers
Hypotension
What are diuretics commonly prescribed for?
Patients with chronic fluid overload, CHF
What electrolytes are patients with CHF commonly low
Potassium
Also prone to cardiac dysrhythmias
Beta blockers are commonly used in the treatment of…
Hypertension
Always check orthostatic blood-pressure for patients on beta blockers
Patients on anticoagulant therapy typical INR numbers
+-2.5
Commonly Rx anti platelet drug for managing MI
Plavix (Clopidogrel)
What are the bipolar leads?
I,II,III contain 1+ and 1-
What are the augmented leads?
aVL, aVF, aVR
Contain a combination of +-
T wave has 2 halves, what are they?
Absolute refractory and relative refractory
What does the QTI represent?
All of the electrical activity in 1 ventricular cycle. If no Q wave is present measure from the R wave
When is a T wave symmetrical?
In T wave abnormalities
What is a concordant precordial pattern?
When all precordial leads have an upward QRS. Can be due to incorrect lead placement, to anterior MI or VT
