Important Cell Signaling Things

Question 1

TLR 1 and TLR 2

Answer 1

PAMP - Triacylated lipoproteins (peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharides)

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)

Question 2

TLR 3

Answer 2

PAMP - dsRNA

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN

Question 3

TLR 4

Answer 3

PAMP - LPS

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN

Question 4

TLR 5

Answer 4

PAMP - Flagellin

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)

Question 5

TLR 7

Answer 5

PAMP - ssRNA

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN

Question 6

TLR 8

Answer 6

PAMP - ssRNA

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN

Question 7

TLR 9

Answer 7

PAMP - CpG DNA

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), and type 1 IFN

Question 8

TLR 10

Answer 8

PAMP - profilin-like proteins

Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)

Question 9

Histamine

Answer 9

Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, chemokinesis

Main source - mast cells, basophils

Question 10

Prostaglandin E2

Answer 10

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

Question 11

Leukotriene D2

Answer 11

Neutrophil chemotaxis, increased vascular permeability

Question 12

Leukotriene D4

Answer 12

increased vascular permeability

Question 13

TNF- alpha

Answer 13

Causes fever, stimulates the expression of E-selectin

Important inflammatory cytokine that is produced mainly by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes.

Question 14

IL-1

Answer 14

Endogenous pyogen, stimulates the expression of E-selectin

Important inflammatory cytokine

Question 15

IL-8

Answer 15

Chemotaxis

Question 16

IFN - Gamma

Answer 16

Activation of phagocytic cells and NK cells.

Important inflammatory cytokine

Question 17

Acute inflammation

Answer 17

High neutrophils and activated helper T cells.

Three principle changes:

1. ) Increased blood supply
2. )Increased capillary permeability
3. ) Increase in leukocyte migration into tissue

Question 18

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 18

High macrophages, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells

Body often tries to contain or minimized infx. (think TB).

Persistent antigenic stimulus and the cytotoxic effects of the unresolved infx leads to ongoing chronic inflammation.

Question 19

C5a

Answer 19

Mast cell degranulation (and other inflammatory processes too)

Main source - complement C5

Question 20

G-CSF

Answer 20

Chemokine that stimulates Neutrophil production from granulocyte progenitor

Question 21

IL- 5

Answer 21

Chemokine that stimulates Eosinophil production from granulocyte progenitor

Question 22

Major Basic Protein

Answer 22

Protein found in granules of Eosinophils which:

• is a potent toxin vs. helminths
• Induces histamine release from mast cells
• Activates neutrophils and platelets
• Can provoke bronchoplasm

Question 23

IL- 4

Answer 23

Chemokine that stimulates Basophil production from granulocyte progenitor cells

Also important for converting monocytes into dendritic cells.

Question 24

M - CSF

Answer 24

Key chemokine that stimulates production of monocytes from granulocyte macrophage progenitor.

Question 25

IL - 2 and SCF

Answer 25

Key chemokines for creation of NK cells from lymphoid progenitors.