Important Cell Signaling Things Flashcards
TLR 1 and TLR 2
PAMP - Triacylated lipoproteins (peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharides)
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)
TLR 3
PAMP - dsRNA
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN
TLR 4
PAMP - LPS
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN
TLR 5
PAMP - Flagellin
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)
TLR 7
PAMP - ssRNA
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN
TLR 8
PAMP - ssRNA
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), type 1 IFN
TLR 9
PAMP - CpG DNA
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12), and type 1 IFN
TLR 10
PAMP - profilin-like proteins
Produce - Inflammatory cytokines (TNF - a, IL-6, IL-12)
Histamine
Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, chemokinesis
Main source - mast cells, basophils
Prostaglandin E2
Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability
Leukotriene D2
Neutrophil chemotaxis, increased vascular permeability
Leukotriene D4
increased vascular permeability
TNF- alpha
Causes fever, stimulates the expression of E-selectin
Important inflammatory cytokine that is produced mainly by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes.
IL-1
Endogenous pyogen, stimulates the expression of E-selectin
Important inflammatory cytokine
IL-8
Chemotaxis
IFN - Gamma
Activation of phagocytic cells and NK cells.
Important inflammatory cytokine
Acute inflammation
High neutrophils and activated helper T cells.
Three principle changes:
- ) Increased blood supply
- )Increased capillary permeability
- ) Increase in leukocyte migration into tissue
Chronic Inflammation
High macrophages, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells
Body often tries to contain or minimized infx. (think TB).
Persistent antigenic stimulus and the cytotoxic effects of the unresolved infx leads to ongoing chronic inflammation.
C5a
Mast cell degranulation (and other inflammatory processes too)
Main source - complement C5
G-CSF
Chemokine that stimulates Neutrophil production from granulocyte progenitor
IL- 5
Chemokine that stimulates Eosinophil production from granulocyte progenitor
Major Basic Protein
Protein found in granules of Eosinophils which:
- is a potent toxin vs. helminths
- Induces histamine release from mast cells
- Activates neutrophils and platelets
- Can provoke bronchoplasm
IL- 4
Chemokine that stimulates Basophil production from granulocyte progenitor cells
Also important for converting monocytes into dendritic cells.
M - CSF
Key chemokine that stimulates production of monocytes from granulocyte macrophage progenitor.
IL - 2 and SCF
Key chemokines for creation of NK cells from lymphoid progenitors.
