Importance of ATP

Question 1

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 1

Proton pump uses active transport to pump protons against proton gradient
Protons are trapped between two phospholipid bilayers (intermembrane space)
Creates a proton gradient across phospholipid bilayer
Protons diffuse back across membrane through ATP synthase
Releases energy which is used to make ATP

Question 2

What is the processes of chemiosmosis in photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Proton pumps in thylakoid membrane use active transport to pump protons against proton gradient
Protons accumulate in thylakoid space
Protons diffuse down proton gradient back into stroma through ATP synthase (stalked particles)
Energy released ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 3

What is the process of chemiosmosis in respiration?

Answer 3

Proton pumps in inner membrane use energy from high energy electrons to pump protons across inner membrane against proton gradient
Protons accumulate in intramembranous space
Protons diffuse down proton gradient back into matrix through ATP synthase (stalked particles)
Energy release ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 4

What are the similarities between respiration and photosynthesis in carrying out chemiosmosis?

Answer 4

Both have proton pumps in membrane
Both create proton gradient across membrane
Both produce ATP
Protons diffuse down proton gradient through ATP synthase in both

Question 5

What are the differences between photosynthesis and respiration when carrying out chemiosmosis?

Answer 5

Photosynthesis -
1 pump
Triggered by light
Respiration -
3 pumps
Triggered by glucose/high energy electrons