Implications Of Migration

Question 1

Economic benefits of migration: (source country)

Answer 1

• reduced under-employment in the source country
• returning migrants bring new skills to the country which may help revitalise the home economy
• migrants send remittances home and much of this is reinvested in the home economy
• less pressure on local services

Question 2

Social costs of migration:(source country)

Answer 2

• encourage more of the same generation to migrate
• disproportionate number of females left behind
• non-return of migrants cause an imbalance in the population pyramid
• returning retired migrants may impose a social cost on the community if support mechanisms are not in place to cater for them

Question 3

Social benefits of migration: (source country)

Answer 3

• population density is reduced (+birth rate decreases)
• remittances sent home are beneficial
• returning retired migrants increase social expectations in the community e.g. demand for better leisure activities

Question 4

Political effects of migration:(source country)

Answer 4

• policies to encourage natural increase
• policies to encourage immigration to counteract outflow or to develop resources
• requests for international aid

Question 5

Economic costs of migration: (source country)

Answer 5

• loss of the young adult labour force
• loss of those with skills
• regions where out-migration takes place mat suffer from a spiral of decline that is difficult to halt
• the loss of labour may deter inward investment by private organisations, increasing dependence on governmental initiatives

Question 6

What policies can be introduced to deal with the number of migrants?

Answer 6

• limiting the number of migrant workers at source
• insisting on pre-boarding arrangements
• preventing illegal crossings
• returning ineligible asylum seekers immediately and requiring the carrier to pay for the return
• fast-track procedures to enable entry for genuine asylum seekers
• the use of holding bases in third countries where checks are made on visas
• proposals to charge people who have foreign visitors a deposit that is returnable once their guests have gone home

Question 7

What policies can be introduced to deal with the number of migrants?

Answer 7

• limiting the number of migrant workers at source
• insisting on pre-boarding arrangements
• preventing illegal crossings
• returning ineligible asylum seekers immediately and requiring the carrier to pay for the return
• fast-track procedures to enable entry for genuine asylum seekers
• the use of holding bases in third countries where checks are made on visas
• proposals to charge people who have foreign visitors a deposit that is returnable once their guests have gone home

Question 8

Economic costs of migration (destination country):

Answer 8

• educating the migrants’ children
• over-dependence of some industries on migrant labour
• much of the money earned is repatriated to the country of origin
• pressure of resources

Question 9

Economic benefits of migration (destination country):

Answer 9

• take up less desirable jobs
• the cost of country gains skilled labour at reduced cost
• the ‘skills gap’ is filled by qualified migrants
• costs of retirement are transferred back to the source country

Question 10

Social costs of migration (destination country):

Answer 10

• dominance of males
• aspects of cultural identity are lost
• segregated areas of similar ethnic groups are created

Question 11

Social benefits of migration (destination country):

Answer 11

• creation of a multi-ethnic society
• influence of new and/or revitalised providers of local services
• ethnic retailing and areas associated with ethnic food outlets

Question 12

Political effects of migration (destination country):

Answer 12

• discrimination which may lead to civil unrest and extremism
• calls for controls on immigration
• entrenchment of attitudes which may encourage fundamentalism