implications and positive tests

Question 1

Valgus Stress Test (Positive Test)

Answer 1

Increased laxity compared with the opposite side, pain, or both.

Question 2

Valgus Stress Test (Implication)

Answer 2

• Sprain of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament, especially the anterior bundle.
• Laxity beyond 60° of flexion also implicates involvement of the posterior bundle.
• Laxity in full extension is indicative of an olecranon or humeral fracture.

Question 3

Varus Stress Test (Positive Test)

Answer 3

Increased laxity compared with the opposite side, pain, or both.

Question 4

Varus Stress Test (Implication)

Answer 4

• Moderate laxity reflects trauma to the Radial Collateral Ligament.
• Gross laxity may also indicate damage to the annular or Lateral - — Ulnar Collateral Ligament,
  causing the radius to displace form the ulna.

Question 5

Pinch Grip (Positive Test)

Answer 5

Pulp-to-pulp pinch

Question 6

Pinch Grip (Implication)

Answer 6

Pathology of anterior interosseus nerve

Question 7

Moving Valgus Stress Test (Positive Test)

Answer 7

• Pain at medial elbow that reproduces functional pain, often producing an apprehension response
• Pain that occurs between 120° and 70° (representing the position of the late cocking and
  early acceleration throwing phase)
• A positive test is marked by the reproduction of pain at the same point in the ROM during
  both the flexion and extension segments of the exam.

Question 8

Moving Valgus Stress Test (Implication)

Answer 8

Partial tear or pathology of the UCL.

Question 9

Posterolateral Rotary Instability Test (Pivot Shift) (Positive Test)

Answer 9

Elbow subluxates as it is extended ad can be felt to reduce as it is flexed.

Question 10

Posterolateral Rotary Instability Test (Pivot Shift) (Implication)

Answer 10

Chronic instability of the elbow.

Question 11

Medial Epicondylitis (golfers elbow) (Positive Test)

Answer 11

Pain over medial epicondyle

Question 12

Medial Epicondylitis (golfers elbow) (Implication)

Answer 12

Medial epicondylitis

Question 13

Test for Lateral Epicondylagia (Tennis Elbow) (Positive Test)

Answer 13

Pain at the lateral epicondyle

Question 14

Test for Lateral Epicondylagia (Tennis Elbow) (Implication)

Answer 14

Lateral epicondylagia (“Tennis Elbow”)

Question 15

Hook Test (Positive Test)

Answer 15

Inability to catch the distal biceps tendon with the finger.

Question 16

Hook Test (Implication)

Answer 16

Rupture of the distal biceps tendon.

Question 17

Tinel’s Sign at the Elbow (Positive Test)

Answer 17

Tingling in ulnar distribution of forearm and hand

Question 18

Tinel’s Sign at the Elbow (Implication)

Answer 18

Indicates distal point at which normal sensation is felt

Question 19

Wartenberg’s Sign (Positive Test)

Answer 19

Inability to squeeze little finger together

Question 20

Wartenberg’s Sign (Implicaqtion)

Answer 20

Ulnar neuropathy

Question 21

Elbow Flexion Test (Positive Test)

Answer 21

Tingling or paresthesia in ulnar nerve

Question 22

Elbow Flexion Test (Implication)

Answer 22

Cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 23

Test for Pronator Teres Syndrome (Positive Test)

Answer 23

Tingling or paresthesia

Question 24

Test for Pronator Teres Syndrome (Implication)

Answer 24

Median neuropathy