Implications

Question 1

Hume (w)

Answer 1

Piety is ultimately selfish, the problem is religion itself

Question 2

Spinoza

Answer 2

Rationalist, only God has free will

Question 3

The enlightenment (w)

Answer 3

1650s-1780s - reason, analysis, not authority

Kant - freedom to use one’s intelligence

Question 4

Moore (a)

Answer 4

“If I am asked what is good? I reply, good is good”

Question 5

Owen (d)

Answer 5

We can know God directly and intuitively

Question 6

Hume (D)

Answer 6

The is-ought gap - humans can’t ground normative in positive

Question 7

Anti realist

Answer 7

Something can be meaningful without verification

Question 8

Kant (w)

Answer 8

Deist, destroyed foundations of religion, can have practical understanding of evil, no original sin

Question 9

Lessing (w)

Answer 9

Rational knowledge of God must rely on nothing historically contingent

Question 10

Hegel (w)

Answer 10

Idealist, non physical higher and finite released through religion, deism denied people opportunity, humanity is evolving to a position of ultimate Geist, when humans are free they are happy and moral - philosophy is better than religion, God isn’t beyond our understanding

Question 11

Deism

Answer 11

God is unknowable and impersonal? Seeks to separate faith from reason, uses both types of knowledge, focus on humans