Implants Lecture

Question 1

Control Approaches

Answer 1

Use of viscous, water-misible vehicles
Use water-immiscible vehicles
Prep of water-insoluble drug derivative
-Dispersion in polymeric microspheres, microcapsules

Question 2

Advantages

Answer 2

Reduce dose
Decrease side effects
Enhanced patient compliance
Improved drug utilizaiton

Question 3

Implants

Answer 3

single unit DDS that are designed to deliver drug of a controlled rate over a prolong period of time

• Intended for sustained release
• Require specialized admin

Question 4

Sites of implants

Answer 4

Loos interstitial tissue on upper arm
Anterior surface of the thing
Lower portion of the abdomen

Question 5

Advantages of implants

Answer 5

Convience
Compliance
Controlled release
Potential for intermittent release
Bioresponsive release (controlled by endogenous substances)

Question 6

Disadvantages of Implants

Answer 6

Invasive
Termination by surgery
Danger of device failure and overdose
Limited to potent drugs
ADRs
Biocompatibility  and produce immune response

Question 7

Types of implants

Answer 7

Nondegradable polymeric implants

Biodegradable polymeric implants

Question 8

Nondegradable polymeric implant

Answer 8

Silicones, Poly EVA, PVA

Question 9

Biodegradable polymeric implants

Answer 9

Reservoir and matrix type

Polyanhydrides, PLA and PLGA

Question 10

Vitrasert Intravitreal Implant

Answer 10

Nonbiodegradable
PVA and EVA
Eye
Less than one hour
Remove when depleted

Question 11

Norplant

Answer 11

Nonbiodegradable
Contraceptive
Fan like pattern

Question 12

Implanon

Answer 12

Birth control
Under arm
Last for 3 years

Question 13

Zoladex Implant

Answer 13

PLA and PLGA
BIOdegradable
Treats endometriosis

Question 14

Gliadel Implant

Answer 14

Biodegradable PA implant
Carmustine
Fatal brain cancer
Wafer degrades

Question 15

Osmotic pumps

Answer 15

Semipermeable membrane (housing for entire pump and only allows water in)
Osmotic chamber (holds osmotic agent)
Reservoir wall (impermeable to water)
Drug reservoir (drug solution)
Flow moderator (exit route for solution)

Question 16

Alzet Miniosmotic Pump

Answer 16

Osmotic pressure difference between a compartment called the salt sleeve and the tissue environment in which the pump is implanted
Controlled by water permeability

Question 17

Duros Implant Pump

Answer 17

Piston between engine and drug reservoir to control flow
Regulated by membran’es control over the amount of water entering the pump and by the concentration of the drug in reservoir

Question 18

Mechanical pump

Answer 18

Titanium because biocompatibile

Programmable to deliver drugs in zero order

Question 19

Intrathecal Drug Pump

Answer 19

Pain pump
Direct to spinal cord
Slow release
Over a period of time at different time throughout the day

Question 20

SynchroMed Implantable Pump

Answer 20

Programmable
Flexible dosage regimen
- Chemo, cancer pain, osteomyelitis

Question 21

Insulin Pump

Answer 21

Composed of reservoir, battery operated pump, a computer chip
Insulin 24/7
Set at different basal rates to sink with lifestyle

Question 22

Advantages to Insulin Pump

Answer 22

Eliminates injections
Accurate delivery
Reduces large influx
Easier
Flexible
Improved quality of life
Hypoglycemia reduced
Eliminates unpredictability

Question 23

Disadvantages

Answer 23

Weight gain
DKA
Expensive
Require hospital stay to learn

Question 24

Minimed Insulin Pump

Answer 24

Deliver insulin
Piston pump drive the insulin through the catheter
Programmer can change pumping rate
Responsive to the need