Imperialism & Early Progressive

Question 1

Hawaiian Revolt of 1893

Answer 1

U.S. sugar planters and business leaders overthrew Queen Liliuokalani, leading to U.S. annexation. This showed how economic interests drove imperialism.

Question 2

William Randolph Hearst

Answer 2

His yellow journalism exaggerated stories, making war seem necessary. He helped push the U.S. into the Spanish-American War, justifying imperialism.

Question 3

Jingoism

Answer 3

A belief in aggressive nationalism and military expansion. It made Americans support war and U.S. dominance in global affairs.

Question 4

Maine

Answer 4

The USS Maine exploded in Cuba, and newspapers blamed Spain. This led to war, giving the U.S. new territories.

Question 5

William McKinley

Answer 5

He supported expansion, annexed Hawaii, and led the U.S. to victory in the Spanish-American War. He believed controlling new lands would help the economy.

Question 6

Spanish-American War

Answer 6

The U.S. defeated Spain and gained control over the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. This marked a shift to overseas empire-building.

Question 7

“Seward’s Folly”

Answer 7

The U.S. bought Alaska from Russia. People thought it was a mistake, but it later provided resources and helped U.S. influence in the Pacific.

Question 8

Panama Canal

Answer 8

The U.S. helped Panama gain independence from Colombia to build the canal. This strengthened trade and military power.

Question 9

Yellow Journalism

Answer 9

Sensationalist newspapers exaggerated events to stir emotions and push for war. It influenced public opinion to support imperialism.

Question 10

Anthracite Strike of 1902

Answer 10

Coal miners demanded better pay and conditions. Roosevelt negotiated a fair deal, showing the government helping workers instead of just businesses.

Question 11

Anti-Saloon League

Answer 11

Linked alcohol to crime and poverty, leading to Prohibition. Reformers believed banning alcohol would improve society.

Question 12

Bully Pulpit

Answer 12

Roosevelt used his position to promote reforms. This showed how presidents could lead social and political change.

Question 13

Carrie Chapman Catt

Answer 13

Led the fight for women’s voting rights. Her work helped pass the 19th Amendment, expanding democracy.

Question 14

Civil Service

Answer 14

Replaced the corrupt spoils system with hiring based on knowledge. This reduced political corruption.

Question 15

Conservationism

Answer 15

Roosevelt and others protected forests and national parks. It showed government balancing economic growth and environmental protection.

Question 16

Direct Election (Senators)

Answer 16

The 17th Amendment let citizens vote for senators. This made government more accountable to the people.

Question 17

Direct Legislation

Answer 17

Allowed citizens to propose and vote on laws. This reduced the power of corrupt politicians.

Question 18

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 18

Fought for immediate equality for African Americans. He challenged segregation and pushed for civil rights.

Question 19

Election of 1912

Answer 19

Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson ran with different Progressive ideas. Wilson’s win led to banking and antitrust reforms.

Question 20

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Answer 20

Created a stable banking system. This prevented financial crises and made the economy fairer.

Question 21

Federal Trade Commission

Answer 21

Prevented monopolies and unfair business practices. This protected small businesses and consumers.

Question 22

Food and Drug Administration

Answer 22

Protected public health by regulating unsafe products. This showed government taking responsibility for consumer safety.

Question 23

James A. Garfield

Answer 23

His assassination led to civil service reform. This ended corruption in government hiring.

Question 24

Good Government

Answer 24

A movement to reduce corruption and improve government services. This led to fairer elections and reforms.

Question 25

Initiative

Answer 25

Allowed citizens to propose laws directly. This gave people more power in government.

Question 26

Jim Crow

Answer 26

Enforced racial segregation, limiting African American rights. Progressives like Du Bois and the NAACP fought against these laws.

Question 27

Mary Harris “Mother” Jones

Answer 27

A labor leader who helped workers fight for better pay and conditions. She showed how unions pushed for reforms.

Question 28

The Jungle

Answer 28

A book exposing the meatpacking industry’s poor conditions. It led to food safety laws.

Question 29

Muckrakers

Answer 29

Journalists who exposed corruption and social problems. Their work led to Progressive reforms.

Question 30

National Assn. for Adv. of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 30

Fought against racial discrimination and segregation. It was part of the fight for civil rights.

Question 31

Oregon System

Answer 31

A set of reforms including initiative, referendum, and recall. This gave people more political power.

Question 32

Alice Paul

Answer 32

A suffragist who used protests and hunger strikes. Her activism helped pass the 19th Amendment.

Question 33

Pendleton Act of 1883

Answer 33

Ended the spoils system and required exams for government jobs. This reduced corruption.

Question 34

Gifford Pinchot

Answer 34

Helped Roosevelt protect forests and resources. He made conservation a government priority.

Question 35

Progressive Party (“Bull Moose”)

Answer 35

Roosevelt’s third-party campaign focused on reforms. It showed the strength of Progressive ideas.

Question 36

Prohibition

Answer 36

Banned alcohol to solve social problems. It led to the 18th Amendment but also caused crime issues.

Question 37

Recall

Answer 37

Allowed voters to remove corrupt officials. This made politicians more accountable.

Question 38

Referendum

Answer 38

Let citizens vote directly to get rid of a law. This reduced the power of corrupt lawmakers.

Question 39

Jacob Riis

Answer 39

A journalist who exposed poor living conditions. His work led to housing reforms.

Question 40

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 40

A Progressive president who fought for reforms. He expanded government’s role in solving problems.

Question 41

“Separate but Equal”

Answer 41

A Supreme Court ruling that allowed segregation. It was challenged by civil rights activists.

Question 42

Upton Sinclair

Answer 42

Wrote The Jungle to expose factory conditions. His work led to government regulations.

Question 43

Square Deal

Answer 43

Roosevelt’s plan for fairness in business, labor, and consumers. It showed how Progressives wanted government to create balance.

Question 44

William Howard Taft

Answer 44

Continued some Progressive reforms but lost Roosevelt’s support. His presidency showed divisions within the movement.

Question 45

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Answer 45

A factory fire that killed many workers due to unsafe conditions. It led to new workplace safety laws.

Question 46

Trust Buster

Answer 46

Roosevelt and others broke up monopolies. This stopped businesses from controlling the economy unfairly.

Question 47

Booker T. Washington

Answer 47

Believed African Americans should focus on education and economic success before demanding full rights. His views contrasted with Du Bois.

Question 48

Women’s Suffrage

Answer 48

The fight for women’s voting rights. It led to the 19th Amendment and expanded democracy.

Question 49

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 49

A Progressive president who passed major reforms like the Federal Reserve Act. His policies shaped the modern economy.

Question 50

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

Answer 50

Created safety regulations for food and medicine. It was a response to The Jungle and part of consumer protection reforms.

Question 51

EWEB/SUB

Answer 51

Public utilities in Oregon that provided water and electricity, reflecting Progressive Era efforts to regulate essential services.

Question 52

Klondike Gold Rush

Answer 52

Late 1890s gold rush in Alaska and Canada that boosted the economy, expanded U.S. influence, and increased westward migration.

Question 53

Liliuokalani

Answer 53

Last queen of Hawaii, overthrown in 1893 by U.S. business interests, leading to Hawaii’s annexation in 1898.

Question 54

Roosevelt become president year

Answer 54

1901