Imperialism Flashcards
Define imperialism
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially
imperialism (time)
late1800s to early 1900s
reasons for imperialism-social
missionary work: religion
civilize others
racism: social darwinism
reasons for imperialism-political
prestige nationalism: land
power
government manipulation
security (more military bases)
reasons for imperialism-economical
raw materials
new markets
more trade routes
cheap labor
African nations that remained free during imperialism
Liberia and Ethiopia
imperialist nations
US, France, England, Spain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Belgium
What % of Africa was imperialized before 1873?
<10%
Why did Europe have such a hard time taking over Africa in the beginning?
environment
harsh diseases
strong tribes
Quinine
a medicine from a “flowering tree” indigenous to S. America that resists Malaria
Battle of Omdurman
the British was out numbered by the Sudanese but they used the maxim machine gun to defeat them.
Battle of Adova
Ethiopia vs Italy
Kin Menelik II of Italy wanted to modernize Ethiopia
Negatives of imperialism
disrupts borders
loss of traditional culture
destroyed economy (lack of diversity)
Positives of imperialism
reduce total warfare improved sanitation increased lifespan higher literacy rate railroads telephone/telegraph lines
Scramble for Africa
a contest between European nations to imperialize as many African nations as possible.
King Leopold II
- king of Belgium
- initially became king to end slavery and to spread Christianity
- later imperialized the Congo for cash crops (rubber)
- food became scarce in the Congo because traditional jobs were replaced with the production of cash crops
- over 18 million died as a result
Who colonized Rwanda?
Germany initially colonized Rwanda but Belgium took control after WWI
the population of Rwanda
85% Hutu
14% Tutsi
1% Twa
How did the tension between the Hutu and Tutsi begin?
- the Belgians force everyone to have ID cards
- the Belgians favored the Tutsis
- when Rwanda gained independence, Hutus took over.
When did Rwanda gain independence?
1967
Rwanda Patriotic Front
a group of Tutsis who fled in fear of Hutu revenge and created a rebel army
What event led to the mass killings in Rwanda?
the death of the Rwandan President
Why didn’t the US intervene in Rwanda?
lack of public support
there’s no gain for US
US does not want to get humiliated like it did in Somalia
Genocide
the systematic killing of a group of people
Examples of Genocide
Rwanda, Cambodia, Holocaust, Soviet Union
Who were killed in the Rwandan genocide?
- Hutus who likes Tutsis
- Hutus who are married to a Tutsi
- Tutsis
- Twa
What ended the Rwandan genocide?
the RPF defeats the Hutu government
After the Rwandan genocide
- Many Hutus ran in fear of revenge from Tutsis
- Many Hutus were hunted down and killed
- Tutsis run gov
Who runs the Rwandan gov. today?
the Tutsis
