Imperial Consolidation And Liberal Rule (1890-1914) Flashcards
Why did Britain consolidate Africa?
- European ’superiority’ and social Darwinism lead to increased imperial attitudes.
- Gov. wanted to uphold Britain’s position in the world.
- Africa provided a market.
- needed to show ‘effective occupation’.
- Increasing rivalry between European countries (Africa acted as a outlet/safety valve as conflict happened further away from home).
- Most of Europe had been through industrial revolution, Africa had not, meaning colonisation was inevitable.
- Africa provided reasources, workers, etc.
- ‘Domino effect’ of expanding interests and possessions.
- Protectorates established to provide security to existing ports.
- Britain wanted to consolidate empire.
- Britain wanted to adopt a less haphazard approach.
With whom were treaties created to help expansion and consolidation in Africa?
Nigeria, Zanzibar, Uganda, Sudan, Cape Colony.
What was the Nigeria treaty?
1890 agreement with the French.
What was the Zanzibar treaty?
1890 treaty with Germany regarding spheres of influence.
What was the Uganda treaty?
After a civil war in Buganda, Mwanga (the ruler of Buganda) needed British support and agreed to cede powers of revenue, trade and administration of Justice over to Britain in order to acheive this. Later Buganda became a protectorate.
What was the treaty in the Sudan?
Treaty between Britain and Germany/France. After the Battle of Omdurman, Kitchener encountered the French and pressed claims to the area (Fashoda incident 1898) ……………………………………………..
What was the treaty in the Cape Colony?
Pease of Vereenigning 1902 ended the war and Boer republics became British colonies, promise of responsible self-government granted in 1905. 1908 ‘Union of South Africa’.
Where did Britain use intimidation to increase expansion and consolidation in Africa?
Asante, Zanzibar, Somaliland, Rhodesia, Cape Colony, Uganda.
Why did Britain use intimidation in Asante?
Britain demanded that their King should turn over the remainder of his empire to Britain. He refused.
Why did Britain use intimidation in Zanzibar?
Britain ordered Khalid to back down, he refused.
Why did Britain use intimidation in Somaliland?
Britain reinforced it with administrative and military personnel in 1898 in order to limit French and Italian ambitions in the area.
Why did Britain use intimidation in Rhodesia?
Rhodes had permission to create a protectorate but Ndebele resisted. He tried to stamp his control over the area by naming after himself after the first war.
Why did Britain use intimidation in the Cape Colony?
Britain burned farms, etc to remove civilian support for the Boers (scorched earth policies). Afrikaner women, children and many Africans put into concentration camps. 1902 Boers defeated.
Why did Britain use intimidation in Uganda?
Railway used to consolidate power.
