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PT-415 Motor Control > Impairment: Weakness And Abnormal Tone > Flashcards

Impairment: Weakness And Abnormal Tone Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Components: Impairment factors

A
  • Strength
  • Muscle Performance
  • Muscle Endurance
  • Muscle Weakness
  • Paralysis/Plegia/Paresis
  • Atrophy
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2
Q

Strength

A

Muscle force or group of muscle force to overcome resistance

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3
Q

Muscle Performance

A

Capacity of a muscle or group of muscles to generate force

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4
Q

Muscle Endurance

A

Ability to sustain force

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5
Q

Muscle Weakness

A

Inability to generate normal levels of force

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6
Q

Paralysis/Plegia

A

Absence of strength

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7
Q

Paresis

A

Mild or atrial weakness

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8
Q

Paralysis/plegia/paresis

A

Decreased voluntary motor unit recruitment

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

Loss of muscle bulk

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10
Q

Muscle Weakness (paresis) overview:

A
  • musculoskeletal and/or NM problems

- primary cause of “FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS”

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11
Q

Assessing Functional Limitations: (list)

A
  • Rolling. - Supine-to-sit
  • Stable sitting. - Sit-to-stand
  • Stable standing. - Transfers
  • Ambulation. - Climbing stairs
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12
Q

Assessing Weakness: (list)

A
  • AROM. - MMT
  • Functional mm testing. - Hand-held dynamometer
  • Isokinetic dynamometer. - EMG
  • Endurance/fatigue. - UMNL vs LMNL
  • Cranial N. testing
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13
Q

Task-Oriented: Treatment of Muscle Weakness

A
  • REPETITION, REPETITION, REPETITION
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14
Q

Abnormal Muscle Tone: TONE definition

A

Tension attained at any moment between the origin and insertion of a muscle

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15
Q

Normal Tone:

A

A certain amount of muscle tone is “typical” especially w/ postural control

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16
Q

Abnormal Tone:

A
  • Hypertonia: increased resistance w/ PROM when person is relaxed
  • Hypotonia: low, flaccid
  • Dystonia: impaired, involuntary repetitive twisting
17
Q

Hypertonia types: (list)

A
  • Spasticity
  • Clonus
  • Babinski Sign
  • Rigidity
  • Decerebrate
  • Decorticate
18
Q

Spasticity Post-Stroke:

A
  • Appears UNRELATED to functional disability and contribution to motor disability may be slight
19
Q

Assessing Impairment: ABNORMAL TONE

A
  • Modified Ashworth
20
Q

Typical Resting Postures for an UMNL (UE)

A

UE

  • Scapula: retracted, down rot
  • Shoulder: Add/IR/depression
  • Elbow: Flexion
  • Forearm: Pron
  • Wrist: Flexed/ADD
  • Hand: flexed/ add
21
Q

Typical Resting Postures for a UMNL: (LE)

A
  • Pelvis: retracted (hip hike)
  • Hip: add/IR/ext
  • Knee: ext
  • Ankle: PF/Inversion, flexed toes
  • Trunk: Lat Flex/ rotation
22
Q

Modified Ashworth Scale:

A

0: none
1: catch at end range
1+: <50%
2: Easily moved but throughout most ROM
3: PROM difficult
4: rigid

23
Q

Tardieu Scale: definition

A
  • patient supine
  • measurements take place at 3 velocities
    - V1: slow as possible
    - V2: speed of gravity
    - V3: fast as possible
  • Identifies SPASTICITY vs. STIFFNESS
24
Q

Tardieu Scale: Scale

A
  • X (0-5)
  • Y (angle which reaction occurs)
    0: normal
    1: slight resistance no clear point
    2: clear catch
    3: fatigable clonus <10 sec
    4: Unfatigable clonus >10 sec
    5: immovable
25
Q

Abnormal MOVEMENT synergy patterns: FLEXION UE

A
  • Scapular: retraction OR elevation/hyperextension
  • Shoulder: ABD, ER
  • Elbow: FLEXION
  • supination
  • wrist/finger: flexion
26
Q

Flexion pattern: LE

A

HIP: FLEXION, ABD, ER
Knee: flex
Ankle: DF, inv
Toe: flex

27
Q

Extension: UE

A

Scapular: protraction
Shoulder: ADDUCTION, IR
Elbow: ext
Wrist: PRONATION, flexion

28
Q

Extension: LE

A

Hip: ext, ADDUCTION, IR
Knee: EXTENSION
Ankle: PLANTAR FLEXION, inversion
Toe: PF

29
Q

Bronnstrom’s Stages:

A
  • 1: flaccidity, no movement can be elicited
  • 2: basic limb synergies can appear
  • 3: voluntary control of movement synergies
  • 4: some movement out of synergy patterns
  • 5: progression to more difficult movement patterns
  • 6: individual movements become possible
  • 7: NORMAL
30
Q

STNR: (symmetrical tonic neck reflex)

A
  • neck flexed = arms flex / legs extend

- neck extend: = arms extend / legs flex

31
Q

ATNR: (asymmetrical tonic neck reflex)

A
  • neck rotates to one side = jaw limbs extend and skull limbs flex
32
Q

TLR or STLR: (symmetrical tonic labyrinthine reflex)

A
  • prone = total flexion

- supine = total extension

PT-415 Motor Control (4 decks)

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