impacts of religious changes through H8 reign Flashcards
when was the pop renounced?
between 1533- 1537
what was the main result of the royal supremacy?
changing relationship between the english monarchy and their subjects.
why did the break with Rome occur in the first place?
because Henry was advised by Cromwell to do so in order to get what he desired : an annulment from Catherine of Aragon.
where in England were reformist ideas becoming more popular and where werent they?
they were in London and the South East but not in the South west and the North who were still the home of devoted Catholics who still regarded the pope as the head of the church and not henry.
what was Cromwell keen to do following the break with Rome?
- promote not just structural change but also doctrinal changes which reflected his own evangelical beliefs.
what new position was created for Cromwell by Henry?
Vicegerent of Spirituals - he was titled this in 1535 and it gave Cromwell enourmous power over the church.
what changes to the doctrine did Cromwell initially make?
- appointment of new bishops who shared Cromwell’s beliefs e.g. Hugh Latimer
what was Cromwell’s propaganda campaign?
he used his position to launch a propaganda campaign which involved preaching in churches in support of the supremacy.
how did Cromwell control preaching?
- preaching was controlled through Gov licenses and clergy were ordered ti giver sermons against the pope and in support of his marriage to Anne Boleyn.
what happened to clergymen who were still supporting the pope?
- April 1535 nobility and JP’s were ordered to imprison any clergy that were supporting the pope.
what was the Act of Ten Articles 1536
this was the first attempt to define the doctrine of the new church of England
- most were catholic however the article of Eucharist was delibrately in language and then number of sacraments considered necessary for salvation of the soul decreased from 7-3.
what set of injunctions did Cromwell issue?
in 1536 a set of injuctions was issued to the clergy which attacked traditional practices such as pilgrimages and the worshiping of saints. - these were all banned.
Henry was no reformer, so why was he keen to support these injuctions and the change of the doctrine?
- to undermine the power and authority of the pope.
- to ensure total loyalty to him only and not an alternative focus of obedience.
what was the result of theses changes at the centre for localities?
they felt increasingly under pressure to obey cromwell.
what area’s didn’t comply as much to the changes to the religious structure of England?
- the North and the demands were met with increasing alarm and relluctance
when and what was the Act of Supremacy?
1534 - act of Parliament that recognised Henry VIII as the “Supreme Head of the Church of England.” The act also required an oath of loyalty from English subjects that recognised his marriage to Anne Boleyn.
what was the Treason act 1534?
it made it possible to prosecute those who refused to swear an oath of loyalty to the crown.
what was the results of the Act of Supremacy and Treason act 1534?
- it meant opposition to the religious changes were excecuted such as Sir Thomas Moore and John Fisher who both refused to accept the supremacy and were excecuted in 1535
what did these high profiles executions such as that of Thomas Moore and John Fisher cause?
an atmosphere of fear and suspicion
what conservative faction emerged at court ?
included Henry percy, Thomas Howard, Edward Stanley, Lord Darcy and Lord Hussey and wanted the restoration of catholocism.
who did this conservative faction see as an obvious figurehead?
- Mary, Henry’s sister who was made iligitamate due to Henry divorcing her mother Catherine of Aragon.
what and when was the court-based plot?
- 1535-1536
- which sought to remove Henry all together and restore Mary
what were convents and monastries?
- religious houses
- convents for women
- monastries for men
what roles did the monastries have on society?
- social role; imprortant educational role as monks were meant to print and read texts and teach people how to read and write.
- economic role - source of employment for e.g. many farmers leased land from monks and the monastires provided employment.
- religious role. performed good works for the poor, support for poor and care for the sick anf elderly.
how much had the monastries grown by the 1530’s?
- 900 religious houses in Egnland
- 12,000 people in religious order.
how did reformers such as Cromwell present the monasteries ?
as wealthy and corrupt.
what would Henry gain from disolving the monastries
they were a valuable source of income and he would become very wealthy.
how did the process of the dissolution of the monasteries begin?
with the Valor Ecclesiasticus in 1535 which surveyed all the church property and revealed to Henry the wealth of the monasteries which between 1536-1547 their dissolution raised 1.3 million.
what followed the Valor?
the visitation of the monasteries which were undertaken by the commissoners appointed by Cromwell - they were looking to find evidence of corruption.
why did visitations take place?
to justify the act of parliament 1536 which authorised the dissolution of the smaller monasteries.
