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Migration, Identity, Sovereignty > Impacts of globalisation on international migration > Flashcards

Impacts of globalisation on international migration Flashcards

1
Q

Define migrant

A

Someone who moves their permanent residence from one country to another for at least a year

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2
Q

Define economic migrant

A

Someone emigrating for better employment/improve financial position

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3
Q

Define refugee

A

Person left home country because they fear from persecution/conflict. If a country grants rights them become an asylum seeker

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4
Q

Define asylum seeker

A

Refugee who made request for protection and waiting for approval while from host country

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5
Q

Define irregular migrant

A

Person enters the country/remains in country without a valid visa/ overstayed duration of visa

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6
Q

Name global migration patterns

A

South East Asia- Middle East driven by oil wealth/construction booms
Mexico-USA improved quality of living

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7
Q

Define global shift

A

Western countries in factories in Asia shift of industries due to cheap labour/resources

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8
Q

Case study: Rural-urban migration China

A

Move due to difference in living standards (infant mortality, literacy rate)

Experienced largest internal migration recorded 229.8 million
Currently 6 megacities

In order to control migration China implemented Huko system

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9
Q

Explain Huko system

A

Migrants must buy registered permit allowing them into the city, attempt to control flow of migrants

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10
Q

Evaluate Huko system

A

Pro’s:
effective in slowing rural-urban migration
No large slums surrounding major cities
Government can influence where population can go

Con’s:
Expensive permits
poor quality houses, high rent
no public holidays for hoku workers
no affordable healthcare
tight restrictions easily deported
can’t bring family

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11
Q

Case study: Schengen agreement

A

1995 abolished internal border controls within EU
26 countries

Allowing movement in EU no issues, seasonal workers for tourism/agriculture

Problems: terrorism attacks easier to move
Multiple attacks (Paris/UK) also allows drug/weapon trafficking

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12
Q

Case study: Japan international migration

A

Ageing population structure (imbalance)
Reduced workforce less people paying tax affect economy in future

27% pop. over 65
1.7% pop. immigrants
IMF states for a vibrant economy 5% immigrants is needed
Japan is anti-immigrant

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13
Q

Case study: Australia international migration

A

High migration rate 200,000 allowed per year
System based on skills:
This system brings 10% more per capita to Aus GDP each year

Between 2015-2050 migrants expected to add $1.2 trillion to AUS GDP
88% of migrants under 40 economically active
System also allows skill shortage to be met

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14
Q

Case study: Singapore international migration

A

Limited migration 3% migrant pop.
When Singapore industrialised large increase of migrants to fuel econ. growth

2010: 25.7% migrant pop.
Now implemented visa system: different for low/high skilled workers
Strict rules for low skill workers
Skilled workers brought in under liberalised rules

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15
Q

Name the 3 patterns of international migration

A

Voluntary economic migrant
Refugees
Asylum seekers

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16
Q

Case study: UK international migration

A

Restrictions tightened 2010 lower net migration
System more selective about Non EU members

2014 non EU migrants sharp increase
2020 50,00/ 2022 500,000

Wind Rush regeneration 1948
Carribbean 1945 recruited for TFL, buses, construction
1960’s Pakistan/India doctors/nurses

17
Q

Name the 5 causes of migration theories

A

Neoclassical theory
Dual labour market theory
New economics of labour theory
Relative deprivation theory
World systems theory

18
Q

Explain neoclassical theory

A

most significant push factor being wage differences
Mexico-USA

19
Q

Explain Dual labour market theory

A

migrant workers move into jobs home pop. doesn’t want to fill
Phillippines-UK (care home)

20
Q

Explain new economics of labour

A

Migrants send remittances home to improve life at home
Bangladesh

21
Q

Explain relative deprivation theory

A

families that are successful migrant benefit from better schooling and homes encouraging others to move

22
Q

Explain World system theory

A

Trade patterns can make a country poor, migrants move to a successful country. Colonial history encourages migration due to connection
Jamaica-UK

23
Q

Define periphery

A

Rural areas of country, economic growth in these areas suffers as people move away to core regions

24
Q

Explain UK internal migration reasons x4

A

Deindustrialisation- the shut down of industry/coal mines due to global shift caused investment into service industry
people move away to these service industries

Regenerating large cities- cleaner/modern attract younger urban lifestyle. Young families move away to rural. Clear age influence/pattern of migration in London

Student migration- student moved influenced by living costs, universities, accessibillty, preference of city

Retired population- moving to a coastal location Worthing (rural area) 23% pop, over 65.

25
Q

Define cultural assimilation

A

Where a culture minority slowly establishes itself within a community

26
Q

Factors affecting assimilation x6

A

Intermarriage- marriage sharing of culture

Well educated- businesses forced to link with culture/agencies

Education- migrants learning history in lessons RPE

Language- migrants having 2nd language, younger migrants assimilate much quicker

Jobs- culture spread through companies/celebrations

Over reliance on benefits- reinforces negative stereotypes, limit interaction with other groups

27
Q

Case study: Cultural assimilation Germany

A

Germany needs immigrants to support ageing pop. But if migrants don’t receive quality services, end up costing the state.

High % Turkish migrants 3 million
Only a portion have school learning certificate. However, limited attitude persisted of Turkish migrants temporarily staying. 2/3 immigrants can’t read 4th year of school. 80% primary school classes can’t speak German

This persisting attitude has reduced assimilation into Germany pop. To improve assimilation government change immigration laws to allow permanent citizenship

28
Q

Case study: UK cultural assimilation

A

Pakistan/Bangladesh assimilate much faster
EU/USA assimilate much slower
Italians assimilate the least

Many fear that cultural dilution of traditional culture result in culture clash. Little evidence to support this.

Identity changes depending on time spent in country

29
Q

Evaluate social impacts of migration
(migration perception)

A

Pro’s:
Communities increase

Con’s:
increase in hate crime/community tension
overcrowded areas/strain on services (Wind rush generation)

30
Q

Evaluate economic impacts of migration
(migration perception)

A

Pro’s:
fills skill shortage (UK- Phillippines caring)
entreupeners come over (Restaurants/shops)
migrants pay tax (elite migrants)

Con’s:
can drive down average wages
increase money spent on translation services
more money needed on services

31
Q

Evaluate cultural impacts of migration (migration perception)

A

Pro’s:
traditions spread
Festivals/music (Notting hill carnival)

Con’s:
Cultural dilution

32
Q

Evaluate demographic impacts of migration (migration perception)

A

Pro’s:
Lowers average age
Reduces pension burdens
Younger families coming in

Con’s:
Strain on services

33
Q

Case study: Japan migration perception

A

Japan needs migration to help resolve ageing pop. concerns. Recommended 5% migrant pop. currently has 1.63%

Japan prides itself off homogenous pop./ racial unification
“no migration” policy widely supported as pop. concerned migrants will disrupt society, increase crime, fear of cultural dilution

34
Q

Case study: USA/Mexico migrant perception

A

Large scale immigrant movement after economic boom in USA
2015 11.7 million Mexican
28% of 42.4 mill migrant pop. in USA

USA pop. divided on immigration
51% immigration strengthens country
41% said was burden
Republican voters are more anti-immigrant
Trump

Migration, Identity, Sovereignty (4 decks)

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