Impacts of colonialism Flashcards
name 7 factors impacted by colonialism
- territorial divisions
- changing demographics
- education
- transport and communication
- administrative, legal and judicial systems
- economic activities
- neo-colonialism
examples of ethnically fragmented regions
Ottoman Empire in the now Middle East, Africa
what is political centralisation of territories
places that used not to have a single central government now did (while ruled over several separate ethnicities)
why were populations in colonialised countries mixed up
labour movements
why was imperial education not effective
literacy= the bible, only used to educate small workforce for admin, unis were only in capitals
what is colonial triumphanism
glorifying colonialism by emphasising or exaggerating the “positive” effects. infrastructure developments were usually only for the benefit of the home country
how did colonialism affect administrative and judicial systems
colonial cities became administrative, elitism around colonial languages, present day systems havent evolved from colonial era
effects on economic activies?
exports of only a few commodities (changes in prices means big blow), inequal spatial concentrations of activities
what is neo-colonialism
using economic imperialism, globalisation, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of imperialism or indirect political control.
how do countries still influence ex-colonies
political relationships, trade, aid
what were the 80s and 90s structural adjustment policies
loans from the world bank and imf to underdeveloped countries, conditions attached reduced the role of states in running the economy. currency devalued, privatisation, govs unable to employ people
2 impacts of the structural adjustment policies
deeper levels of debt, foreign goods flooded into these countries and affected local industry
explain the law of comparitive advantage
trade occurs because traders anticipate gains from trading
nations specialise in what theyre good at producing
explain the modernisation theory
development= economic growth and industrialisation, linear 5 stage development
problems with modernisation theory
has not led to historical development, does not clarify how poor nations will develop, state level not always good measure of development
explain the dependency theory
developing countries have been altered by colonialism, they should develop along different lines, structuralist approach, greater state intervention needed
problems of the dependency theory
overemphasis on economic factors, historical view of development taken
3 groups of the world systems theory
core, semi-periphery and periphery
who came up with the world systems theory and when
Immanuel Wallerstein 1974
explain the world systems theory
whole world is one capitalist economy divided internationally by labour, explain capitalist exploitation from perspective of core
problems with world systems theory
(over) focus on state-level action?, difficult to test, nationalisation of firms etc. has led to negative impacts on economic patterns for low income countries
what is neoliberalism
20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism (invisible hand of the market ensures more efficient allocation of resources)
explain neoclassical development theory
underdevelopment internally induced, reliance on market to regulate economy, role of free markets, privatisation an open economies
problems with neoclassical theory
range of approaches adopted in different countries, still requires gov intervention, doesnt affect levels of inequality and poverty, doesnt consider social and political factors
