Impacts of colonialism

Question 1

name 7 factors impacted by colonialism

Answer 1

1. territorial divisions
2. changing demographics
3. education
4. transport and communication
5. administrative, legal and judicial systems
6. economic activities
7. neo-colonialism

Question 2

examples of ethnically fragmented regions

Answer 2

Ottoman Empire in the now Middle East, Africa

Question 3

what is political centralisation of territories

Answer 3

places that used not to have a single central government now did (while ruled over several separate ethnicities)

Question 4

why were populations in colonialised countries mixed up

Answer 4

labour movements

Question 5

why was imperial education not effective

Answer 5

literacy= the bible, only used to educate small workforce for admin, unis were only in capitals

Question 6

what is colonial triumphanism

Answer 6

glorifying colonialism by emphasising or exaggerating the “positive” effects. infrastructure developments were usually only for the benefit of the home country

Question 7

how did colonialism affect administrative and judicial systems

Answer 7

colonial cities became administrative, elitism around colonial languages, present day systems havent evolved from colonial era

Question 8

effects on economic activies?

Answer 8

exports of only a few commodities (changes in prices means big blow), inequal spatial concentrations of activities

Question 9

what is neo-colonialism

Answer 9

using economic imperialism, globalisation, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of imperialism or indirect political control.

Question 10

how do countries still influence ex-colonies

Answer 10

political relationships, trade, aid

Question 11

what were the 80s and 90s structural adjustment policies

Answer 11

loans from the world bank and imf to underdeveloped countries, conditions attached reduced the role of states in running the economy. currency devalued, privatisation, govs unable to employ people

Question 12

2 impacts of the structural adjustment policies

Answer 12

deeper levels of debt, foreign goods flooded into these countries and affected local industry

Question 13

explain the law of comparitive advantage

Answer 13

trade occurs because traders anticipate gains from trading

nations specialise in what theyre good at producing

Question 14

explain the modernisation theory

Answer 14

development= economic growth and industrialisation, linear 5 stage development

Question 15

problems with modernisation theory

Answer 15

has not led to historical development, does not clarify how poor nations will develop, state level not always good measure of development

Question 16

explain the dependency theory

Answer 16

developing countries have been altered by colonialism, they should develop along different lines, structuralist approach, greater state intervention needed

Question 17

problems of the dependency theory

Answer 17

overemphasis on economic factors, historical view of development taken

Question 18

3 groups of the world systems theory

Answer 18

core, semi-periphery and periphery

Question 19

who came up with the world systems theory and when

Answer 19

Immanuel Wallerstein 1974

Question 20

explain the world systems theory

Answer 20

whole world is one capitalist economy divided internationally by labour, explain capitalist exploitation from perspective of core

Question 21

problems with world systems theory

Answer 21

(over) focus on state-level action?, difficult to test, nationalisation of firms etc. has led to negative impacts on economic patterns for low income countries

Question 22

what is neoliberalism

Answer 22

20th-century resurgence of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism (invisible hand of the market ensures more efficient allocation of resources)

Question 23

explain neoclassical development theory

Answer 23

underdevelopment internally induced, reliance on market to regulate economy, role of free markets, privatisation an open economies

Question 24

problems with neoclassical theory

Answer 24

range of approaches adopted in different countries, still requires gov intervention, doesnt affect levels of inequality and poverty, doesnt consider social and political factors