impact of ww1 Flashcards
How did ww1 have a positive effect on US’s economy between 1914-17 before they entered the war?
- huge demand for manufactured goods, food and fuel supplies
- GB and France very dependent on US for war supplies and loans
- was difficult to keep up with production but then adapted
what effect did ww1 have on US’s economy once they entered the war?
- huge infrastructure developed
- bases needed for the US army
- liberty loans raised funds
- food/fuel administrations established to regulate/ration resources
- nationalism of railroads to control transport
what did exports rising lead to?
full employment
what effect did post-ww1 have on the US’s economy?
- economy slowed down which lead to the recession in 1921
what had the US had emerged at?
worlds economic gaint
what did the US enhance by the war?
prestige of American democracy
what had the prestige been symbolised by?
WW and his ideals as he dominated the peace conference in Paris from jan 1919
- his ideals called Wilsonian idealism had made the world safer for democracy
what happended at the Paris peace conference?
- WW wanted his 14 points but there were clashes of opinions between delegates and WW backed down on many
- WW had self-determination
- treaties were signed
- borders decided upon
- LoN created
what were the effects of post-ww1 back in the US?
- widespread opposition
- growing political issues
- 50,000 dead in war
- many died from Spanish flu
- public turned against European war
- difficult to sell the ToV and LoN to the public
what impact did ww1 have on divisions in US?
- US growth in patriotism during ww1
- growth in suspicion/hostility towards socialism
- nativism grew; KKK revived in 1915
- recent immigrants were seen as non- Americans- demands grew to root out ‘aliens’
what was the 1917 Espionage Act that was passed?
mail could be sized/inspected by postmen, as possible revolutionaries could be arrested
what was the 1918 Sedition act?
- extended powers under Espionage Act
- 1500 prosecutions carried out
- 2/3 were convicted
included Eugene Debs and Emma Goldman
who was Emma Goldman?
- feminist
- pacifist
- she was deported to Russia in Dec 1919; by the red ark ; USS Buford
what was the 1918 immigration act?
strengthened controls against immigrants
what was the 1921 Emergency Quota Act?
drastic limits on immigration
what was the Red Scare?
Oct/Nov 1917 Russian Revolution spread fear of communism spreading by immigrants from central/eastern europe
what did the red scare extended to include
anarchists, terrorists, pacifists, militant trade unions, german americans, recent immigrants
what else did ww1 lead to?
high inflation after ww1 = demobilisation= unemployment= strikes across US
- racial tensions growing
how many workers were involved in the 1919 strikes
4m
what are some examples of strikes in US?
- Seattle, 60,000 workers on general strike
- Pittsburgh 1919 Great steel strike, lasted 3 months and resulted in violence as businesses/gov tried to crack down on strikers
how many race riots were there in 1919?
20
what caused the palmer raids?
US attorney General Mitchell Palmer was convicted of a real socialist threat- heightened by April/May 1919 as bomb packages were sent to public figures
What happened during the palmer raids?
- Palmer’s Justice Dept raided offices of radical organisations across 12 cities
- Dec 1919; 249 radicals deported
- Jan 1920; 30 cities forced to close communist party HQs
Who were the palmer raids co-ordinated by?
J Edgar Hoover
what did the palmer raids lead to?
vigilante action by ordinary citizens
what did the supreme court crack down on?
palmer and national outcry at rights violations
palmer lost credibilty
by 1917, how much of congress was dry?
2/3 of congressmen
what did the war strength arguments of?
the drys
who were usually drys?
- anti germans
- Wilson
- progressive
when was the 18th amendment ratified?
1919
who was against 18th amendment?
wets
What were Womens Christian temperance union prominent for?
pro-suffrage and pro-temperance movements
When did AAs have high hopes?
beginning of ww1
what did many AAs believe volunteering to fight would lead to?
be rewarded with equality
why did AAs move to the north, how many went to north cities and where?
- to work for the war effort in larger cities
- 300,000 flew towards Chicago and NYC
what were the positves impacts for AAs after ww1?
- many returned home with experiences/education
- led to a huge increase in NAACP membership
- assertive leaders like DuBois gained support for challenging old’Uncle Tom’ approach
what were the negative impacts for AAs after ww1?
- still segregated in US army and treated as inferiors
- Red Summer 1919= racial tensions spilled into racial riots, e.g. race war in St Louis July 1919
how had there been a huge change in US politics from 1919-20?
from progressivism and idealism towards political reaction, rejecting internationalism and WW’s legacy
what happened at 1920 elections
Reps won majority in congress and presidency
why did Reps win 1920 elections?
- long-term reaction against temperance
- red scare
- pres candidate Warren G Harding (+ Calvin Coolidge) - calm reasonableness, slogans; ‘Law & order’ ‘America first’
why was there a rejection of Wilsonism?
- WW spent long time in Europe, difficult to get ToV ratified
- war-weariness
- domestic concerns more pressing
- committed isolationists like Senator William Borah made more convincing speeches
- Henry Cabot Lodge thought LoN/ToV went too far
- WW- exhausted, too stubbon, illness so replaced by James Cox
what happened at the 1920 elections?
- back to reps
- democrats won southern states only
how was it the end of progressivism by 1920?
- wilsons ideas rejected in 1920
- LoN not ratified, neither had ToV
- Reps dominated both houses
- Harding promised ‘normalcy’; avoid excessive government, keeping internationalism low priority
how wasn’t it the end of progressivism by 1920?
- not dead
- progressive Robert La Follette of Winsonsin ran for pres and got 5 million votes
- not until New Deal and FDR did it return
