Impact Of War On Medicine Flashcards
What is war often described as in relation to politics?
A continuation of politics by other means.
What is the earliest evidence of warfare and its date?
Site 117 (Jebel Sahaba), ~12,000 B.C.E.
How many individuals were buried at Site 117?
61 individuals.
What percentage of deaths at Site 117 were due to violence?
45% died of violence.
What is believed to account for ~15% of human deaths?
Warfare/violence.
What has warfare driven in terms of military technology?
Constant evolution of military technology.
List some key developments in military technology.
- Metallurgy
- Gunpowder
- Aviation
- Rocketry
- Nuclear weapons
What is a key job of an army regarding soldiers?
Keeping their own soldiers alive at the expense of the ‘enemy’.
What was the mortality rate from disease for Henry V’s army during the Agincourt campaign?
~14,000 men out of 22,000.
What disease caused significant losses in Napoleon’s Grand Army?
Typhus.
During the Crimean War, what percentage of total casualties died from disease?
120,000 out of 223,000.
What commonality do dysentery, typhus, and typhoid share?
Poor hygiene.
What is aseptic technique?
A key component of modern medicine that prevents the transmission of communicable disease.
Who significantly reduced the mortality rate in Scutari from 42% to 2%?
Florence Nightingale.
What were some changes made by Florence Nightingale?
- Nutrition
- Rest
- Sanitation
What was the public inquiry into the Welsh education system called?
Brad y Llyfrau Gleision.
What is purpural fever also known as?
The Doctor’s Plague.
What did Joseph Lister contribute to medicine?
Developed antiseptic techniques.
What was the fatality rate for compound femoral fractures in World War 1?
~80%.
Who revolutionized the evacuation and treatment of compound fractures?
Brigadier Robert Jones.
What is the Dakin-solution used for?
Wound management.
What substance is the Dakin-solution a dilute solution of?
Sodium hypochlorite (~0.5%).
What was the first chemotherapy developed from nitrogen mustard?
Mustine.
Who opened the Queen’s Hospital in 1917?
Sir Harold Gillies.
