Impact of Training on Lifestyle Diseases Flashcards
Define atherosclerosis
Fatty plaque development in the arterial walls progressively narrowing the lumen and hardening the walls
What is coronary heart disease
A disease that results from atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood. This limits the cardiac muscles ability to respire and an angina or heart attack may occur
What is a heart attack
A blockage in a coronary artery cutting off oxygenated blood flow to an area of cardiac muscle
What is a stroke
A stroke is caused by either a blockage in a cerebral artery cutting off the blood supply to the brain, know as an ischaemic stroke, or a blood vessel bursting within or on the surface of the brain, known as a haemorrhagic stroke
What are HDL and LDL cholesterol
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) actively remove cholesterol from arterial walls and transport it to the liver whereas low-density lipoproteins (LDL) deposit cholesterol on the arterial walls
Describe and explain the benefits of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health (8 expanded points) (might have to write this one down)
• reduce levels of blood lipids and increase the proportion of HDL to LDL cholesterol; this will slow the development of atherosclerosis
• prevent the hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls due to regular vasoconstriction and dilation; this will slow the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension
• decrease blood viscosity and the resistance to blood flow; this will help to prevent blood clots from forming and reduce blood pressure
• increase coronary circulation (blood flow around the heart) as coronary arterioles gain an increase in diameter and density; this will help reduce the incidence of heart attacks
• lead to cardiac hypertrophy, increased ventricular contractility and stroke volume, which increases the efficiency of the heart; this will lower blood pressure and help reduce the incidence of heart attacks
• decrease body fat and help to manage weight, which will reduce the strain placed on the heart
• increase blood flow and oxygen transportation to the muscle cells, making it easier to perform exercise and reduce the onset of fatigue; this will reduce the strain placed on the heart and lower blood pressure
• reduce risk of stroke by 27% by lowing blood pressure and maintaining a healthy weight
Define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
An umbrella term for one or more respiratory diseases - servere asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema - where persistent inflammation leads to permanent damage in the airways and lung tissue
What is asthma
Asthma is characterised by constriction of the bronchial airways and inflammation of the mucous membranes, which restrict the airways and limit breathing
What are the effects of training on the respiratory system
• increase respiratory muscle strength, which decreases respiratory effort and alleviates the symptoms of asthma
• decrease resting and sub maximal frequency of breathing, reducing the onset of fatigue and making everyday tasks easier
• with the use of inspiratory muscle training, increase airflow and alleviate breathlessness, reducing the necessity for medication and enhancing quality of life
• maintain full use of lung tissue and elasticity, decreasing the risk of infection associated with COPD
• increase the surface area of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries, maximising the efficiency of gaseous exchange and the health of respiratory membranes
