Impact of long term conditions (2)

Question 1

define person centred care

Answer 1

the provision of care that places the patient at the centre ensuring that the healthcare system is designed to meet the needs and preferences of patients as defined by patients themselves

Question 2

give the 5 principles of patient centred care

Answer 2

respect, choice and empowerment, patient involvement, access and support, information

Question 3

give examples of long term conditions

Answer 3

ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disease, osteoarthritis

Question 4

give examples of how long term conditions can affect lifestyle

Answer 4

constraints on family life, failure to re-establish the functional capacity to work, unremitting chronic pain

Question 5

long term conditions account for what % of all GP appointments?

Answer 5

50% (64% of all outpatient appts and over 70% of all inpatient bed days)

Question 6

what is the % of long term conditions in those>60 and those<40

Answer 6

58% over 60

14% under 40

Question 7

define incidence

Answer 7

the no. new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time

Question 8

define prevalence

Answer 8

the number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time

Question 9

define vulnerability

Answer 9

an individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis

Question 10

give 3 examples of the burden of treatment

Answer 10

changing behaviour to adhere to lifestyle modifications, monitoring and managing their symptoms at home, polypharmacy

Question 11

define biographical disruption

Answer 11

long term condition –> loss of confidence in the body –> loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity

Question 12

coping with stigma leads to choosing between what?

Answer 12

decision to disclose or to conceal the condition

Question 13

give examples of negative impacts of a long term condition on the individual/family

Answer 13

denial, self pity, apathy, financial, physical, emotional effects, isolation

Question 14

define health

Answer 14

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 15

define disability

Answer 15

body and structure impairment, activity limitation and participation restrictions

Question 16

give 4 medical models of disability

Answer 16

individual cause eg accident whilst drunk, underlying pathology eg obesity, individual level intervention eg health professionals advice, individual change eg change in behaviour

Question 17

give 4 social models of disability

Answer 17

societal cause eg low wages, conditions relating to housing, social action needed eg facilities for disabled, societal attitude change eg use of politically correct language

Question 18

what does personal reaction to disability depend on?

Answer 18

nature of disability, coping strategies of individual, support network of the individual, time to adapt, mood and emotional reaction of the individual

Question 19

give 5 causes of disability around the world

Answer 19

congenital, injury, mental illness, malnutrition, alcohol/drugs

Question 20

how many of those with a disability in the UK are in employment?

Answer 20

1/3

Question 21

give 4 of Wilson’s criteria for screening

Answer 21

condition should be important, must be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage, natural course of disease should be understood,
test acceptable to population

Question 22

What is the role of the GP in disability

Answer 22

-Listening
-Needs to take on board age and culture
-Needs to have the correct attitude
-Needs to be empathetic
-DO NOT SPECTATE:
assess, put together an MDT team, intervene with rehab

Question 23

What are some of the complexities involved in treating disability

Answer 23

• Must not be judgemental
• Must be able to indentify benefit cheats
• It is a social and medical treatment
• Rarely exposed in training
• Treat the patient and not just the body

Question 24

Sick role in disability

Answer 24

Patients rights:
-Do not have to conform to society 
-Illness is not their fault 
Patients obbligations
-Try to get better 
-Seek medical council 
Healthcare professional role
-Objective 
-Needs to act in benefit of patient not own good 
-Maintain knowledge and skill 
-Obey code of professional conduct 
-Has a right to examine the patient intimately