Impact of 2nd lang. acquisition & bilingual dev. 3/13 Slides 1 - 21

Question 1

In order to know what an LI is, what do we need to know in regards to ELLs?

Answer 1

-We need to know what is typical for ELLs who are developing English

Question 2

T/F: Many times, typical characteristics of second language acquisition and bilingualism are mistaken for symptoms of LI?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

T/F: Many ELL students’ L1 is not maintained in school through bilingual education?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What is the result of ELL students’ L1 not being maintained in school through bilingual education?

Answer 4

Language loss in L1

Thus, low test scores in both L1 & English

Question 5

What do students make when learning L2 that reflect the influence of L1?

Answer 5

They make errors in L2

Question 6

If a Spanish-speaking child pointed to a picture & said, “look–I see the house green.” Given this example, would this be a difference or disorder?

Answer 6

Difference

It is a transfer from Spanish, not a sign of a clinically significant problem with syntax

Question 7

If there are errors of transfer (in syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, & pragmatics) from L1, is this a sign of communication disorder or a difference?

Answer 7

Difference

Question 8

What are the typical characteristics of bilingualism and 2nd language acquisition?

Answer 8

1. Language Loss
2. Interference/Transfer
3. Silent Period
4. Interlanguage
5. Code-switching
6. Avoidance
7. Formulaic Language

Question 9

In the early stages of learning L2, most students focus on what?

Answer 9

Comprehension & do very little speaking

Question 10

T/F: The younger the student, the longer the silent period usually lasts.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Students who were introduced to L2 during the preschool years may speak very little in what?

Answer 11

L1 or in L2 for more than one year

Question 12

What is interlanguage?

Answer 12

Period in second language development when the learner starts to use the language productively until he obtains competence that is similar to that of a native speaker.

Question 13

During interlanguage, what is the student approximating?

Answer 13

L2 & the errors are inconsistent

Question 14

What is code-switching?

Answer 14

• Alternating between 2 languages within a single phrase, sentence, or discourse

Question 15

Who commonly uses code-switching ?

Answer 15

Bilingual children (& adults)

Question 16

T/F: Bilingual children who use code-switching is a normal communication behavior?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Why will students avoid communicating in L2?

Answer 17

For fear of being laughed at or made fun of

Question 18

Why do children use formulaic language?

Answer 18

To give the impression that they speak the L2 well–to increase opportunities to converse in L2

Question 19

What are some sociocultural variables?

Answer 19

• SES

- Cultural Styles

Question 20

Why is SES important to consider?

Answer 20

Because low income children have difficulty with knowledge-based tests

Question 21

What is an example of cultural styles?

Answer 21

Reduced eye contact with adults

Being silent in the presence of an adult

Question 22

What are the affective variables in second language acquisition?

Answer 22

• Motivation
• Personality
• Self- Esteem

Question 23

When talking about motivation, What two things are we looking at?

Answer 23

• Instrumental vs. integrative

Question 24

What is instrumental?

Answer 24

Learning L2 for a specific purpose

Question 25

What is integrative?

Answer 25

Learning L2 to integrate with that community (learns faster)

Question 26

What type of kids learn conversational L2 faster?

Answer 26

• Outgoing kids

Question 27

When does simultaneous acquisition occur?

Answer 27

When a child is exposed to 2 languages from infancy in natural situations

Question 28

T/F: Interference between L1 & L2 is minimal?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

**When is the ideal time for a child to be exposed to 2+ languages?

Answer 29

Early infancy

Question 30

When a child is exposed to L1 during infancy & learns L2 at a later time, what is this called?

Answer 30

Sequential acquisition

Question 31

T/F: Sequential learners increase diversity in rate and stages of acquisition

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What will happen is L2 is introduced sequentially before a strong L1 foundation has been established?

Answer 32

L1 development may be arrested or even regress while L2 is being learned

Question 33

What happens to these children whose L1 development may regress while learning L2?

Answer 33

• Achieve low test scores in both L1 & L2–this can cause them to appear LI when they are not
• Preschool children who learn English in a sequential manner are especially vulnerable to this situation