Immunotherapy Flashcards
1
Q
What are the tumor antigens?
A
- Tumor- specific mutated oncogene/tumor suppressor gene (ex beta-catenin)
- Due to point-mutations (neo-epitodes)
- Cancer-testis Antigens (MAGE)
- Differentiation Ags (Tyrosinase)
- Abnormal gene expression (HER2/Neu)
- Abnormal post-translational modification (Muc-1)
- Viral Ags (E6/7 HPV proteins)
2
Q
What Ab’s can you use to fight tumors?
A
- Tumor-specific Ab (Ab will bind to tumor cell and NK cells with FcR (CD16) are activated to kill tumor cells)
- Tumor-specific Ab (or Ab fragment) conjugated to toxin (Ab-toxin conjugates bind to tumor cell and conjugates are internalized, killing the cell)
- Tumor-specific Ab (or Ab fragment) conjugated to radionuclide (Radioactive Ab binds to the tumor and radiation kills the tumor cell and neighboring tumor cells)
3
Q
How can you use T cell therapy to fight tumors?
A
CTL from the patient are clonally selected and grown in bulk in oder to re-introduce in the patient to kill the tumor. Can also be modified with ex. adding specific receptor before re-introducing.
4
Q
What is an example of T cell therapy?
A
CAR Tcell (Chimcric Ag receptor T cell)
5
Q
What kind of vaccins are there?
A
- Tumor/viral Ag (ex HPV, Hep.B vaccins)
- Killed tumor cells with with PAMPS for good immune respons
- Dendritic cells (prepare ex vivo with patient’s own dendritic cells and stimulate them with Ag’s what they will present in the patient)
- Nanoparticles
6
Q
What is the function of checkpoint inhibitors in the context of fighting tumors?
A
Checkpoint inhibitors interfere with negative signaling from the tumor (Anti CTLA-4, anti-PD1)
7
Q
Is cytokines a way to fight tumors?
A
No; however it will help to stimulate a specific fight direction
- Proliferative activity: TNF-a
- Pro-apoptopic activity: Type I IFNs
- Skew the immune response: IL12
- Boost the immune response: IL2
8
Q
What techniques can you use to fight tumors?
A
- Ab’s
- Adoptive Tcells/NK cell therapy
- Vaccines
- Checkpoint inhibitors
(- Cytokines)
