Immunotherapy Flashcards
What are different kinds of immunotherapies?
- Immune suppressive therapies
- General suppression
- Transplant rejection
- Passive infusion
- Cytokine therapies
- Directed antibody therapy
- Monoclonal vs polyclonal
- Checkpoint inhibitors
- Cellular immunotherapy
- T cells
- Dendritic cells
- CAR-T cells
What does ‘blanket’ immune suppresion mean?
‘Blanket’ immune suppression means suppressing the entire immune system, risk of opportunistic infections:
- Need to develop tailored therapies that target specific part of immune system
What is the main risk of ‘blanket’ immune suppresion?
Opportunistic infections
Acute rejection is associated with what?
Acute rejection is associated with T cell responses that mediate immune cell infiltration into graft:
- Anti-rejection drugs massively increased graft survivability
How can T cell activation be inhibited?
Methods for inhibiting T cell activation to treat graft rejection, done by stopping them from producing IL-2:
- Cyclosporin
- Mechanism – targets calcinerin, effecting IL-2 production
- Rapamycin
- Mechanism - targets mTOR, affecting IL-2 uptake by T-cell
- Antibody treatment
- Mechanism - targeting costimulation
What are some drugs that inhibit T cell activation?
- Cyclosporin
- Mechanism – targets calcinerin, effecting IL-2 production
- Rapamycin
- Mechanism - targets mTOR, affecting IL-2 uptake by T-cell
- Antibody treatment
- Mechanism - targeting costimulation
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Describe the mechanism of Cyclosporin?
- Mechanism – targets calcinerin, affecting IL-2 production
Describe the mechanism of:
- cyclosporin
- rapamycin
- antibody treatment
- Cyclosporin
- Mechanism – targets calcinerin, affecting IL-2 production
- Rapamycin
- Mechanism - targets mTOR, affecting IL-2 uptake by T-cell
- Antibody treatment
- Mechanism - targeting costimulation
What are the different types of immunity?
Contrast active and passive immunity?
- Active immunity
- Person infected or vaccinated with microbe
- Few days or weeks later individual makes potent adaptive immune response with T cells and antibodies
- Recovers from challenge with specificity and memory
- Passive immunity
- Serum given to patient (from immune individual)
- Infection and recovery with immunity
- Specificity but no memory
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For active and passive immunity do they have:
- specificity
- memory
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What are examples of passive immunity?
- Snake or spider bites, scorpion or fish stings
- Passive infusion of antibody specific for toxin
- Hypogammaglobulinaemia
- Primary or secondary infusion of IgG to reduce infection
- Rabies immunoglobulin
- Post-exposure prophylaxis together with vaccination
What are examples of things immunoglobulins for post-exposure prophylaxis can be used?
- Human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG)
- Hepatitis A
- Measles
- Polio
- Rebella
- Specific immunoglobulins
- Hepatitis B
- Rabies
- Tetanus
- Varicella-zoster virus
What is IV immunoglobulin?
A biologic for primary and secondary immune deficiencies:
- Plasma derived IgG used for replacement therapy
What are indications for IV immunoglobulin?
- Some autoimmune disorders
- Primary and secondary immunodeficiency’s