Immunostimulants Flashcards
Common causes of immunosuppression
HIV/parvo Complement deficiency WBC disorders Pathogenic bac/parasites IgA deficiency Growth Deficiency Cancer
Most immunostimulants have ________ activity toward the immune system
Nonspecific
Five natural adjuvants
Echinacea Acemannan/Aloeride Beta-1,3,-glucan QS-21 Detoxified Freund's Adjuvant
Significance of Echinacea?
Prevent and Treat the Common Cold, Influenza, and Infections
Effect of Echinacea?
Stimulation of phagocytosis
It also stimulates the production of interferon+TNF
Acemann comes from what plant?
Gel of the Aloe Plant
Effects of Acemann/Aloeride?
Induces macrophage activity and production of IL-1
Bone marrow stimulating
What is beta 1,3 glucan
Polysaccharide molecule made completely with glucose
Obtained from yeast extract
What does beta 1,3 glucan do?
Activates a specific beta 1,3 glucan on macrophages
Leads to nonspecific destruction of pathogens
Cytokine release (IL-1, 2)
Initiation of an immune cascade and triggering the cell lines
Who do beta 1,3 glucans help?
Patients with retroviral infections, tumors, and ongoing chemo and radiotherapy
What is QS-21?
Initially considered a very promising vaccine adjuvant.
Esp. important with subunit antigen vaccines
Downside of QS-21?
Site pain
Post-vaccination myalgias
Doesn’t actually help that much
Detoxified Freund’s Adjuvant is also called…
DETOX
What is Detoxified Freund’s Adjuvant made of?
Monophosphoryl Lipid A and mycobacterial cell wall
Detoxified Freund’s Adjuvant triggers what type of immune system?
Both humoral and Cellular
