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MTAP > IMMUNOSERO > Flashcards

IMMUNOSERO Flashcards

1
Q

Study of all aspects of body defenses, such as Ag and Ab, allergy and hypersensitivity

A

Immunology

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2
Q

Roles of the Immune System

A

A. Defending the body against infections
B. Recognizing and responding to foreign antigens
C. Defending the body against the development of tumors

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3
Q

date/year of the first written records of immunological experimentation

A

1500s

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4
Q

This is the method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from a smallpox scab

A

Variolation (Inhalation & Inoculation)

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5
Q

Live attenuated vaccine was discovered by

A

Louis Pasteur

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6
Q

Vaccinia pertains to __________
Variola major pertains to _________
Variola minor pertains to __________

A

Vaccinia pertains to Cowpox
Variola major pertains to Smallpox
Variola minor pertains to Alastrim

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7
Q

The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened through exposure to modifying conditions such as chemical treatment, hot or cold temperatures, aging, or repeated in vitro passage in cell culture

A

Attenuation

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8
Q

A form of immunoprophylaxis

A

Vaccine

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9
Q

Very first world vaccine

A

Smallpox vaccine

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10
Q

What is the First laboratory-made vaccine and who made it?

A

Chicken Cholera vaccine
Louis Pasteur

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11
Q

Chicken Cholera is now known as?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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12
Q

Type of vaccine: Live pathogens that have been weakened by growth under modified culture conditions

A

Attenuated

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13
Q

Type of vaccine: Protein produced by genetically modified nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells

A

Recombinant antigen

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14
Q

Type of vaccine: Killed microorganisms

A

Inactivated

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15
Q

Type of vaccine: Biochemically purified polysaccharide from bacterial
capsule

A

Polysaccharides

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16
Q

Type of vaccine: Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so that they are not pathogenic

A

Toxoids

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17
Q

Type of vaccine: Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

A

Purified components

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18
Q

Give an example of an attenuated vaccine

A

BCG, TYPHOID FEVER, ORAL POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, GERMAN MEASLES, CHICKEN POX, ROTAVIRUS, YELLOW FEVER

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19
Q

Give an example of an inactivated vaccine

A

Intramuscular polio(Salk), Hepatitis A, Influenza (Intramuscular or intradermal), rabies

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20
Q

Give an example of a toxoid vaccine

A

Diphtheria
Tetanus

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21
Q

Give an example of a purified components vaccine

A

Pertussis

22
Q

Give an example of a polysaccharide vaccine

A

Streptococcal pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza type b
Neisseria meningitis

23
Q

Give an example of a recombinant antigen vaccine

A

Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus (cervical, anal, genital cancers)

24
Q

Factors affecting immunogenicity

A

Age of recepient
Individual’s immune status
Nature of the vaccine

25
Q

Year and Contribution: Jenner

A

1798
Smallpox vaccination

26
Q

Year and Contribution: Haeckel

A

1862
Phagocytosis

27
Q

Year and Contribution: Pasteur

A

1880-1881
Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

28
Q

Year and Contribution: Metchnikoff

A

1883-1905
Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

29
Q

Year and Contribution: Von Behring, Kitasata

A

1890
Humoral theory of immunity proposed

30
Q

Year and Contribution: Koch

A

1891
Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

31
Q

Year and Contribution: Erlich

A

1900
Antibody formation theory

32
Q

Year and Contribution: Salk, Sabin

A

1949
Development of Polio vaccine

33
Q

Year: Robert Koch uses anthrax to develop Koch postulate

A

1877

34
Q

Year: Louis Pasteur creates the first vaccine for anthrax

A

1881

35
Q

Year: Discovery of the T Cell Receptor gene

A

1984

36
Q

Year and Scientist: Serum antitoxins

A

1901
Emil Von Behring

37
Q

Year and Scientist: Anaphylaxis

A

1913
Charles Richet

38
Q

Year and Scientist: Complement

A

1919
Jules Bordet

39
Q

Year and Scientist: Structure of antibodies

A

1972
Gerald Edelman, Rodney Porter

40
Q

Year and Scientist: Antibody Diversity/Specificity

A

1987
Susumu Tonegawa

40
Q

The external defense system which is composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body.

A

First Line of Defense (Innate Immunity)

41
Q

It is composed of Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Acute phase reactants, Anti-microbial substances such as complement, Properdin, Interferon alpha and beta, TNF, and Betalysin.

A

Second Line of Defense (Innate Immunity)

42
Q

This is a more recently evolved mechanism that allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen

A

Acquired Immunity

43
Q

They are produced primarily by hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) within 12 to 24 hours in response to an increase in certain intercellular signaling polypeptides called cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL1, and TNF-alpha); They are indicators of inflammation

A

Acute Phase Reactants

44
Q

Elevated levels are found in conditions such as bacterial infections, rheumatic fever, viral infections, malignant diseases, tuberculosis, and after a heart attack.

A

C-Reactive Protein

45
Q

Most widely monitored acute phase reactants and best indicator of acute inflammation

A

C-Reactive Protein

46
Q

The main substrate of C-reactive protein is ______________, a common constituent of microbial membranes. It also binds to small ribonuclear proteins; phospholipids; peptidoglycan; and other constituents of bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

phosphocholine

47
Q

It has been found to increase significantly more in bacterial infections than in viral infections

A

Serum Amyloid A

48
Q

It is widely distributed on mucosal surfaces throughout the body. It has many similarities to the complement component C1q, as binding activates the complement cascade and helps to promote phagocytosis

A

Mannose-Binding Protein

49
Q
A

MTAP (2 decks)

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