IMMUNOSERO

Question 1

Study of all aspects of body defenses, such as Ag and Ab, allergy and hypersensitivity

Answer 1

Immunology

Question 2

Roles of the Immune System

Answer 2

A. Defending the body against infections
B. Recognizing and responding to foreign antigens
C. Defending the body against the development of tumors

Question 3

date/year of the first written records of immunological experimentation

Answer 3

1500s

Question 4

This is the method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from a smallpox scab

Answer 4

Variolation (Inhalation & Inoculation)

Question 5

Live attenuated vaccine was discovered by

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

Vaccinia pertains to __________
Variola major pertains to _________
Variola minor pertains to __________

Answer 6

Vaccinia pertains to Cowpox
Variola major pertains to Smallpox
Variola minor pertains to Alastrim

Question 7

The use of bacteria or viruses that have been weakened through exposure to modifying conditions such as chemical treatment, hot or cold temperatures, aging, or repeated in vitro passage in cell culture

Answer 7

Attenuation

Question 8

A form of immunoprophylaxis

Answer 8

Vaccine

Question 9

Very first world vaccine

Answer 9

Smallpox vaccine

Question 10

What is the First laboratory-made vaccine and who made it?

Answer 10

Chicken Cholera vaccine
Louis Pasteur

Question 11

Chicken Cholera is now known as?

Answer 11

Pasteurella multocida

Question 12

Type of vaccine: Live pathogens that have been weakened by growth under modified culture conditions

Answer 12

Attenuated

Question 13

Type of vaccine: Protein produced by genetically modified nonpathogenic bacteria, yeast, or other cells

Answer 13

Recombinant antigen

Question 14

Type of vaccine: Killed microorganisms

Answer 14

Inactivated

Question 15

Type of vaccine: Biochemically purified polysaccharide from bacterial
capsule

Answer 15

Polysaccharides

Question 16

Type of vaccine: Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so that they are not pathogenic

Answer 16

Toxoids

Question 17

Type of vaccine: Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

Answer 17

Purified components

Question 18

Give an example of an attenuated vaccine

Answer 18

BCG, TYPHOID FEVER, ORAL POLIO, MEASLES, MUMPS, GERMAN MEASLES, CHICKEN POX, ROTAVIRUS, YELLOW FEVER

Question 19

Give an example of an inactivated vaccine

Answer 19

Intramuscular polio(Salk), Hepatitis A, Influenza (Intramuscular or intradermal), rabies

Question 20

Give an example of a toxoid vaccine

Answer 20

Diphtheria
Tetanus

Question 21

Give an example of a purified components vaccine

Answer 21

Pertussis

Question 22

Give an example of a polysaccharide vaccine

Answer 22

Streptococcal pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza type b
Neisseria meningitis

Question 23

Give an example of a recombinant antigen vaccine

Answer 23

Hepatitis B
Human papillomavirus (cervical, anal, genital cancers)

Question 24

Factors affecting immunogenicity

Answer 24

Age of recepient
Individual’s immune status
Nature of the vaccine

Question 25

Year and Contribution: Jenner

Answer 25

1798 Smallpox vaccination

Question 26

Year and Contribution: Haeckel

Answer 26

1862 Phagocytosis

Question 27

Year and Contribution: Pasteur

Answer 27

1880-1881 Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines

Question 28

Year and Contribution: Metchnikoff

Answer 28

1883-1905 Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Question 29

Year and Contribution: Von Behring, Kitasata

Answer 29

1890 Humoral theory of immunity proposed

Question 30

Year and Contribution: Koch

Answer 30

1891 Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Question 31

Year and Contribution: Erlich

Answer 31

1900 Antibody formation theory

Question 32

Year and Contribution: Salk, Sabin

Answer 32

1949 Development of Polio vaccine

Question 33

Year: Robert Koch uses anthrax to develop Koch postulate

Answer 33

1877

Question 34

Year: Louis Pasteur creates the first vaccine for anthrax

Answer 34

1881

Question 35

Year: Discovery of the T Cell Receptor gene

Answer 35

1984

Question 36

Year and Scientist: Serum antitoxins

Answer 36

1901 Emil Von Behring

Question 37

Year and Scientist: Anaphylaxis

Answer 37

1913 Charles Richet

Question 38

Year and Scientist: Complement

Answer 38

1919 Jules Bordet

Question 39

Year and Scientist: Structure of antibodies

Answer 39

1972 Gerald Edelman, Rodney Porter

Question 40

Year and Scientist: Antibody Diversity/Specificity

Answer 40

1987 Susumu Tonegawa

Question 40

The external defense system which is composed of structural barriers that prevent most infectious agents from entering the body.

Answer 40

First Line of Defense (Innate Immunity)

Question 41

It is composed of Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Acute phase reactants, Anti-microbial substances such as complement, Properdin, Interferon alpha and beta, TNF, and Betalysin.

Answer 41

Second Line of Defense (Innate Immunity)

Question 42

This is a more recently evolved mechanism that allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen

Answer 42

Acquired Immunity

Question 43

They are produced primarily by hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) within 12 to 24 hours in response to an increase in certain intercellular signaling polypeptides called cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL1, and TNF-alpha); They are indicators of inflammation

Answer 43

Acute Phase Reactants

Question 44

Elevated levels are found in conditions such as bacterial infections, rheumatic fever, viral infections, malignant diseases, tuberculosis, and after a heart attack.

Answer 44

C-Reactive Protein

Question 45

Most widely monitored acute phase reactants and best indicator of acute inflammation

Answer 45

C-Reactive Protein

Question 46

The main substrate of C-reactive protein is ______________, a common constituent of microbial membranes. It also binds to small ribonuclear proteins; phospholipids; peptidoglycan; and other constituents of bacteria, fungi, and parasites

Answer 46

phosphocholine

Question 47

It has been found to increase significantly more in bacterial infections than in viral infections

Answer 47

Serum Amyloid A

Question 48

It is widely distributed on mucosal surfaces throughout the body. It has many similarities to the complement component C1q, as binding activates the complement cascade and helps to promote phagocytosis

Answer 48

Mannose-Binding Protein