HISTOPATH

Question 1

Specimen Retention

Answer 1

1 month to 1 year

Question 2

Retention of Tissue Block

Answer 2

3 years to 10 years

Question 3

Retention of:
Slides
Records
Result Forms

Answer 3

Indefinite
Permanent
Triplicate

Question 4

FISCAM

Answer 4

Forensic Pathology
Immunohistopathology
Surgical Pathology
Cytology
Autopsy
Molecular Biopsy

Question 5

Thickness:
Whole mount
Sectioning

Answer 5

0.2 - 0.5mm
3.0 - 5.0mm

Question 6

Microscopic exam of cells from different body sites

Answer 6

Diagnostic Cytology

Question 7

Microscopic exam of cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces

Answer 7

Exfoliative cytology

Question 8

Histotechniques?

Answer 8

FDCIETSSML
Fixation, (Decalcification), Dehydration, Clearing, Impregnation, Embedding, Trimming, Section-Cutting, Staining, Mounting, Labelling

Question 9

Also referred to as “Dissection”/”Separation”; Disadvantage: anatomical relationship is destroyed

Answer 9

TEASING/DISSOCIATION

Question 10

FACTORS AFFECTING FIXATION/PRESERVATION

Answer 10

1. Size and nature/type of tissue
2. Volume of tissue: 1:20x volume of tissue
3. pH: 6-8
4. Temperature: Room Temperature (20-22OC)
5. Osmolality: slightly hypertonic solution

Question 11

fixative for fats, mucin, glycogen

Answer 11

FORMALDEHYDE

Question 12

most widely used for Electron Microscopy; Best fixative for enzyme histochemistry

Answer 12

GLUTARALDEHYDE

Question 13

fixative for acid mucopolysaccharide; connective tissue

Answer 13

LEAD FIXATIVE

Question 14

fixative for mucopolysaccharide; nuclear proteins

Answer 14

NEWCOMER’S FLUID

Question 15

fixative for connective tissue, liver, spleen, nuclei; Trichome Staining; Made up of mercuric chloride stock solution in which glacial acetic is added before use

Answer 15

ZENKER’S FLUID

Question 16

MOST RAPID FIXATIVE

Answer 16

CARNOY’S FLUID

Question 17

MOST COMMON FIXATIVE

Answer 17

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

Question 18

Fixative for Hemosiderin; Better and Rapid compared to Orth’s; “Moller’s Fluid”

Answer 18

Regaud’s Fluid

Question 19

early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis; demonstrate Rickettsiae spp.

Answer 19

ORTH’S FLUID

Question 20

fixative for tumor biopsies of the skin

Answer 20

HEIDENHAIN’S SUSA FLUID

Question 21

routine post mortem changes; fixes elastic fibers and iron pigments

Answer 21

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

Question 22

Fixes cytoplasmic structure; consists of Osmic and Chromic acid

Answer 22

FLEMMING’S FLUID WITHOUT GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

Question 23

solidifies at 17 deg C; precipitates chromosomes and chromatin

Answer 23

Glacial Acetic Acid

Question 24

fixative and dehydrant; brain damage; rabies diagnosis; suitble for urgent biopsies

Answer 24

ACETONE

Question 25

fixative and dehydrant; ideal for small bone fragments

Answer 25

ALCOHOL

Question 26

recommended fixative for carbohydrates; acts as decalcified for minute bone spicules

Answer 26

CHROMIC ACID

Question 27

Coagulates mucus, fixative for sputum

Answer 27

Gendre's fluid

Question 28

fixative for ultrathin type microtom; pale yellow powder dissolved in water (6% concentration; kept at 20 degC)

Answer 28

OSMIC ACID/OSMIUM TETROXIDE

Question 29

FACTORS AFFECTING DECALCIFICATION/DEMINERALIZATION

Answer 29

1. Hard, delicate, tough specimens 2. Volume of tissue (1:20x volume of the tissue) 3. Time of Decalcification: 24-48 hours 4. pH: Acidic 5. Temperature: Room Temperature (18-30OC) 6. Concentration

Question 30

Most rapid decalcifier

Answer 30

Phloroglucin Nitric Acid

Question 31

General Post-Mortem Changes

Answer 31

10% FORMOL SALINE

Question 32

Most common decalcifier; Rapid, routine uses; Urgent Biopsies; De Castro's Fluid

Answer 32

Nitric Acid

Question 33

From Formaldehyde; Routine Post-mortem research

Answer 33

Formic Acid

Question 34

decalcifier for surface tissue block; slower action; greater distortion of tissues

Answer 34

Hydrochloric acid

Question 35

Permits good nuclear staining; very weak decalcifier

Answer 35

Trichloroacetic acid

Question 36

Composition of Perenyi's fluid

Answer 36

0.5% Chromic Acid 1.0% Nitric Acid Absolute Alcohol

Question 37

Dehydrant: Most common, cheap and not poisonous

Answer 37

Ethanol

Question 38

Dehydrant for Blood and Tissue Films and Smears

Answer 38

Methanol

Question 39

Substitute for Ethanol; miscible with water, expensive, and does not harden tissue

Answer 39

Isopropanol

Question 40

fixative and dehydrant; volatile; suitable for urgent biopsies; hardens tissue than ethanol

Answer 40

Acetone

Question 41

dehydrant that consists of PEG

Answer 41

Cellosolve

Question 42

Dehydrant and Clearing agent but expensive and toxic

Answer 42

Dioxane/Diethylene Dioxide

Question 43

Dehydrant and clearing agent; causes conjunctival irritation

Answer 43

Tetrahydrofuran

Question 44

Most common clearing agent

Answer 44

Xylene

Question 45

Clearing time for less than 3mm? greater than 5mm?

Answer 45

15-30 mins 30-40 mins

Question 46

clearing agent that is suitable for urgent biopsies; associated with aplastic anemia

Answer 46

Benzene

Question 47

Substitute of Xylene and Benzene

Answer 47

Toluene

Question 48

Clearing agent that can be used for paraffin and celloidin embedded tissue

Answer 48

Cedarwood Oil

Question 49

Clearing for Lymph Nodes, Embryo, Nervous tissue; toxic to livers

Answer 49

Chloroform

Question 50

Substitute of cedarwood oil

Answer 50

Terpineol

Question 51

Tissue softener for fingernails and uterine curettings

Answer 51

Lendrum's fluid

Question 52

Tissue softener: tissue is soapy and swollen

Answer 52

Molliflex