Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Colloquium > immunoprophylaxis practical > Flashcards

immunoprophylaxis practical Flashcards

1
Q

immunity definiton

A

capability of multicellular organisms to resist harmful micro-organisms
the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitised WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

immunoprophylaxis

A

the prevention of disease by the production of active or passive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

active immunity

A

exposure to a disease triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease
natural immunity
vaccine induced immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

passive immunity

A

given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through their own immune system
through placenta
colostrum
immunoglobulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

active acquired immunity

A

vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vaccination

A

administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a specific disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vaccine

A

a biological suspension that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vaccine can contain

A

a microorganism in a weakened, live or killed state or proteins or toxins from the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long til active immunity takes effect

A

several weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how long til passive immunity takes effect

A

immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

length of efficacy of active immunity

A

long term- lifelong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

length of efficacy of passive immunity

A

short-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of ‘infectious’ vaccines

A

attenuated
modified live
recombinant vector vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

advantages of attenuated vaccines

A

one or few doses required
long lasting protection
humoral and cellular response
can be directly administered to mucosal sites
rare allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

disadvantages of attenuated vaccines

A

controlled attenuation required
poorly defined composition
risk of reversion to pathogenicity
certain risk of transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

advantages of modified live vaccines

A

controlled attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

disadvantages of modified live vaccines

A

genetic modification of all pathogens not possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

advantages of recombinant vector vaccine

A

is not relevant to or pathogenic in dog or cat
can carry genetic material from more than one pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

disadvantages of recombinant vectored vaccine

A

possibility of immunopathological response
risk of transmission
cost of production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

types of ‘non-infectious’ vaccines

A
  • inactivated but antigenetically intact virus or organism
  • sub-unit - natural antigen derived from that virus or organism (proteins, polysaccharide, conjugate)
  • synthetic antigen derived from that virus or organism
  • DNA that can code an antigen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

advantages of inactivated but intact virus/organism vaccine

A

can be used on weakened immune system
long term protection
large scale production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

disadvantages of inactivated but intact virus/organism

A

need several doses over time (boosters) in order to get ongoing immunity against diseases
shorter immunity
less likely to induce both cell-mediated and humoral immunity
generally require adjuvant to increase potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

advantages of sub unit vaccines

A

unable to infect, replicate or induce pathology or clinical signs of infectious disease
rare allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

disadvantages of sub unit vaccines

A

reduced immunogenicity compared to attenuated vaccines
generally require adjuvant to increase their potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

advantages of synthetic antigen vaccines

A

unable to infect, replicate or induce pathology or clinical signs of infectious disease
rare allergic reaction

26
Q

disadvantages of synthetic antigen vaccines

A

reduced immunogenicity compared to attenuated vaccines
generally require an adjuvant to increase their potency

27
Q

advantages of DNA vaccines

A

induce cell mediated immunity
molecular stability
low cost production

28
Q

disadvantages of DNA vaccines

A

possible immune reaction to nucleic acid
insertion of a foreign genetic material

29
Q

aim of vaccination

A

to ensure immunity of the population, not an individual animal and to prevent the outburst an spreading of infectious diseases
herd immunity

30
Q

what are core vaccines (definition)

A

vaccines which all dogs and cats, regardless of circumstances or geographical location

31
Q

core vaccines for dogs

A

canine distemper virus CDV
canine adenovirus CAV
canine parvovirus CPV2
rabies

32
Q

core vaccines for cats

A

feline parvovirus FPV
feline calicivirus FCV
feline herpes virus FHV1
rabies

33
Q

non core vaccines (definition)

A

vaccines that are required by only those animals whose geographical location, local environment or lifestyle places them at risk of contracting specific infections

34
Q

non core vaccines dogs

A

leptospirosis
Lyme disease
parainfluenza
Bordetella bronchiseptica

35
Q

non core vaccines for cats

A

feline leukemia virus FeLV
chlamydia felis
bordetella bronchiseptica

36
Q

not recommended vaccines definition

A

vaccines where there is insufficient scientific evidence to justify their use

37
Q

not recommend vaccines examples

A

canine coronavirus
giardia
leishmaniasis
piroplasmosis
FIV - non-core or not recommended?
FIP

38
Q

what does vaccination protocol depend on

A

health status
immunisation status of bitch (vaccination protocol for offspring)
age
geographical location/local environment/lifestyle
availability of vaccines

39
Q

maternally derived antibodies - puppies

A

maternally derived antibodies (MDA) last 8-12 weeks
puppies with poor MDA can respond to vaccines earlier
some puppies have such a high titre of MDA they can’t respond to vaccine until over 12 weeks old

40
Q

puppy vaccination protocol

A

initial core vaccine 6-8 weeks old
then q2-4 weeks
last vaccine at 16 weeks old or more
number fro puppy primary core vaccines will depend on age at which vaccination is started and the interval between vaccinations

41
Q

booster vaccines

A

aim = to ensure that a protective immune response develops in any dog that may have failed to respond to any of the vaccines in the primary core series
at 26-52 weeks of age (6-12 months old)

42
Q

revaccination of adult dogs

A

after the booster, revaccination are given at intervals of 3 years (vaccination with MLV core vaccines)
with an annual health check
every 3 year revaccination DOESN’T apply to killed core vaccines (except rabies), non-core vaccines and vaccines containing bacterial antigens
lepto, Bordetella and borrelia need more frequent boosters for reliable protection

43
Q

frequency of revaccination in adult dogs

A

core vaccines every 3 years
chosen non-core every year

44
Q

why might vaccine not work

A

MDA neutralises the vaccine virus
vaccine is poorly immunogenic
animal is a poor responder

45
Q

rabies vaccination

A

mandated by law
first vaccine at 3 months old
in croatia - revaccination every 3 years (or as vaccine license says)

46
Q

vaccinations in shelters

A

core vaccines as early as 4-6 weeks old
revaccination q 2 weeks until 20 week old
serological testing recommend

47
Q

why is shelter medicine different

A

random source population
high population density
high risk of infectious diseases

48
Q

how long to MDA last in kittens

A

8-12 weeks

49
Q

kitten vaccination protocol

A

initial core at 6-8 weeks old
then q 2-4 weeks
last vaccination at 16 weeks old or more
number of kitten primary core vaccinations determined by age at which vaccination is started and selected interval between vaccination

50
Q

FCV vaccine

A

designed to produced cross protective immunity against multiply strains of FCV
still possible for infection and disease to occur in vaccinated adult animals

51
Q

FHV1 vaccine

A

no FHV1 vaccine can protect against infection with virulent virus and infection may lead to virulent virus becoming latent its the possibility of reactivation during periods of severe stress

52
Q

kitten booster

A

26-52 weeks old (6-12 months)

53
Q

revaccination of adult cats

A

FPV vaccine q 3 years
FCV/FHV1 vaccine - q 3years for low risk cats or every year for higher risk cats

54
Q

FeLV vaccine

A

non-core - but in geographical areas where FeLV infection remains prevalent
any cat less than 1 year old with an element of outdoor lifestyle should receive protection by routine vaccination
2 doses 2-4 weeks apart, no earlier than 8 weeks old
risk benefit analysis
only FeLV negative cats should be vaccinated

55
Q

FIV vaccine not recommended?

A
  • questions over cross protection between sub types of virus included in the vaccine and the subtypes and recombinants in the field and in different geographical locations
  • interference of vaccine with antibody testing used for diagnosis of FIV infection
  • adjusted vaccine the must be given repeatedly
56
Q

FIV vaccine non core?

A
  • large prevalence of seropositive and/or infection in some parts of the world
  • disease progression in FIV infected cats has been shown to be impacted by housing conditions and number of cats in the household
57
Q

vaccine associate adverse events

A

injury, toxicity or hypersensitivity reaction associated with vaccination, whether or not the event can be directly attributed to the vaccine
should be reported whether association with vaccination is known or only suspected
allergic reactions - hypersensitivity 1
post vaccine encephalitis
polyarthritis
pregnancy?

58
Q

Feline injection site sarcoma

A

= localised chronic inflammation reaction initiates malignant transformation of mesenchymal cells and that this process has some genetic basis

59
Q

how to prevent FISS

A

non-adjuvanted vaccines should be given whenever possible
vaccines or other injectables should not be given in interscapular region
always give subcutaneously
vaccine should be given at different sites on each occasion

60
Q

CPV vaccine

A

usually MLV
don’t give to pregnant bitches or pups under 4-6 weeks
If no MDA, MLV provide immunity in 3 days
DOI of MLV is 9 years +

61
Q

CAV-2 vaccine

A

usually MLV
intranasal = for resp infection not CAV-1
if no MDA, MLV provide immunity in 5 days
DOI is 9 years +

Infectious Colloquium (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions