classification of infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

infection

A

successful colonisation of a host by a microorganism

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2
Q

etiological classification

A

by presumed cause
more useful for objective diagnostic and prevention
eg bacteria, prions, mycoplasma, virus, fungi

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3
Q

clinical classification

A

signs/symptoms linked by common pathology
more useful for treatment and management

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4
Q

herpes virus infections

A

acute infectious diseases with resp signs, neuro signs and abortion
characteristic = latent infection - lack of demonstrable infectious virus between episodes of recurrent disease

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5
Q

retroviral infection

A

persistent viral infection
Ab detection - indication of infection
prone to mutations

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6
Q

classification based on modes of transmission

A

contagious or non contagious
soil related - tetanus, botulism, anthrax
food borne
vector borne
airborne

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7
Q

contagious transmission

A

direct or indirect

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8
Q

non contagious diseases

A

toxins - tetanus, botulism
vector borne diseases - WN, blue tongue
prionic diseases

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9
Q

peracute disease duration

A

few hours to 1 day

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10
Q

acute disease duration

A

1-7 days

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11
Q

subacute disease duration

A

1-3 weeks

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12
Q

chronic disease duration

A

more than 3 weeks

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13
Q

clinical stages of acute infectious disease

A

incubation - generalisation - organ specific manifestation

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14
Q

incubation period

A

period between exposure and onset of clinal symptoms
phase during which the pathogen begins active replication without producing recognisable symptoms in the host

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15
Q

generalisation period

A

changes in bodys vitals - temp, HR, RR
fatigue and general weakness
hyperaemia and mucosal hemorrhage
swollen and pain full lymph nodes
loss of appetite
obstipation

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16
Q

organ specific manifestation

A

the specific symptoms and their localisations in the period of illness provide diagnostic information

17
Q

prodromal period

A

manifestation of the first non specific symptoms of the disease, characteristic of the general intoxication of the microorganism

18
Q

clinal manifestation stages

A

prodromal
stadium incrementi - increase in clinical manifestation
stadium fastigii - maximum severity of clinical manifestations
stadium decrementi - attenuation of clinical signs
convalescence - period of complete recovery

19
Q

clinical manifestation of chronic infectious disease

A

long and slow development of signs
cachexia
weakness, anemia
period changes in vitals
organ specific localisation depends on localisation of process
granuloma - primary (portal of entry) and secondary (metastasis)

20
Q

classification of infectious diseases

A

etiology
duration
duration and symptoms of disease
clinical manifestation of infectious diseases according to organ systems

21
Q

acute infectious diseases

A

septicaemia
exanthematous diseases
localised infectious diseases
malignant edema and enterotoxemia - clostrial disease
CNS diseases

22
Q

chronic infectious diseases

A

specific inflammation - TB, glanders, actinomycosis
non-specific inflammation - Brucellosis
mycoses - dermatomycoses
mycotoxicoses
tumours - enzootic bovien leukosis, bovien papillomatosis

23
Q

emerging infectious diseases

A

those whose incidence has increased within the past 2 decades or threatens to increase in the near future

24
Q

emergence can be due to

A

spread of a new agent
recognition of an infection that has been present in the population but has gone undetected
to the realisation that an established disease has an infectious origin

25
reemerging infectious disease
reappearance or re emergence of a known infection after a decline in incidence an increase in frequency is a result of change of pathogenic virulence and pathways pf causative agents or occurrence of a new clinical form of disease
26
clinical syndrome of acute infectious diseases
sepsis - systemic illness caused by microbial invasion of normally sterile parts of the body rapid development of disease and death
27
exanthematous diseases
epitheliotropic viruses changes on skin and mucosa general infectious syndrome catarrhal syndrome epithelial cells of internal organs - resp or GI secondary bacterial infections low mortality
28
generalised infectious diseases with organ specific manifestation
weak general infection with a strong local infection eg contagious agalactia in goats
29
localised infectious diseases
infectious keratoconjunctivitis strangles
30
infectious diseases of CNS
usually acute (rabies) or peracute (aujeskys) categorised separately due to public health importance signs are usually consequence of septicaemia in some generalised infectious diseases - anthrax, listeriosis, classical swine fever meningoencephalitis - non purulent = viral purulent = bacterial
31
clostridial diseases
malignant edema and enterotoxemia peracute local myositis
32
multifactorial diseases
erysipelas bovine enzootic bronchopneumonia enzootic pneumonia of calves
33
acute infectious disease - pathological findings
moderate malnutrition exudates in body cavities hyperaemic and inflamed mucosa submucosal, subcutaneous and cutaneous haemorrhage swollen and inflamed lymph nodes enlarged and inflamed parenchymal organs