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Phys exam 3 > Immunopathologyy > Flashcards

Immunopathologyy Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

already present in the body

immediate response

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2
Q

adaptive immunity

A

3rd line of defense

allows innate immunity to work first & comes in if needed

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3
Q

Active Natural immunity

A

natural contact and infection with antigen

usually permanent but maybe temporary

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4
Q

Active Artificial Immunity

A

antigen vaccinated

usually permanent but may be temporary

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5
Q

Passive Natural Immunity

A

natural contact w/ antibody transplacentally (mother to fetus OR through breast milk)

temporary

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6
Q

Passive Artificial Immunity

A

inoculation of antibody or antitoxin - immune serum globulin

temporary

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7
Q

where is T-cell (cell-mediated) from and located when it matures

A

from thymus

at maturity reside in blood and lymphatics

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8
Q

Function of T-cells

A

recognize specific antigens - cause inflammatory and cytotoxic response

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9
Q

Where are B cells (humuroral immunity) from?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

Function of B-cells

A

in resting state / awaiting activation

activation leads to proliferation (w/ help of macrophages & T-cells)

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11
Q

What antibodies do B-cells release

A

IgG
IgA
IgE
IgM

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12
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity antibody

A

IgE

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13
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

histamine releases w/ other inflammatory mediators (progesterone) to enhance & lengthen the histamine rlease

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14
Q

what happens with widespread release of histamine (if this response becomes systemic)

A
  • vasodilation
  • bronchospasm
  • increased mucus secretion
  • anaphylaxis (edema)
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15
Q

Clinical Presentation of Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

skin = hives

upper respiratory tract = sneezing & conjunctivitis

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16
Q

Anaphylactic syndrome

A

bronchial constriction

circulatory collapse

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17
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity antibodies

A

IgG & IgM cytotoxic antibodies

18
Q

Type II Hypersensitivity function

A

attack cell surfaces and connective tissue

19
Q

Types of Type II Hypersensitivity

A

Myasthenia Gravis (Ach receptors destroyed)

Grave’s Disease (TSH receptor competition)

20
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity antibodies

A

IgM, IgG, & IGA

21
Q

Type III Hypersensitivity Function

A

When circulating immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) successfully deposit into tissue and small blood vessels, they activate the complement cascade and cause acute inflammation and local tissue injury

22
Q

Types of Type III Hypersensitivity

A

SLE - body attacking skin, joints, kidneys - inflammatory

RA - body attacks joints & organs

Vasculitis - inflammation of blood vessels

23
Q

Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

not an antibody-mediated response

handled by macrophages and T-cells

tissue response to subcutaneous injection w/in 24-48 hrs.

delayed-type

24
Q

Types of Type IV Hypersensitivity

A

TB Skin test

25
Q

hyperacute rejection

A
  • occurs within minutes to hours
  • fever &pain at graft site
  • vascular congestion, thrombosis, interstitial edema
26
Q

Acute rejection

A
  • first few weeks or months
  • fever and graft tenderness
  • interstitial edema, necrosis, thrombosis, arteritis
27
Q

Chronic Rejection

A
  • several months to year later
  • arterial and arteriolar thickening that leads to stenosis/obstruction
  • interstitial fibrosis
28
Q

Graft vs. Host Rejection

A

bone marrow transplant – immunocompetent lymphocytes in graft reject the host

29
Q

Clinical presentation of Graft vs. Host Rejection

A
  • Skin rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Cramps
  • Liver dysfunction
30
Q

Autograft

A

transplant of skin graft to leg or hand

bone marrow for later use

31
Q

isograft

A

transplant b/w twins

32
Q

allograft (homograft)

A

transplant human to human

33
Q

Xenograft(Heterograft)

A

transplant from pig to human

34
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiencies

A

follow & result from an earlier disease or event

35
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiencies occur in

A
  • Infections
  • Malnutrition
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Cancer
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
36
Q

Autoimmunity

A
  • immune response agent self-antigens

- immune system can’t differentiate between self and non-self agents

37
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

Chronic, immune, multi-system inflammatory disease where antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in tissue

38
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) effects which organs?

A

Kidneys
Joints
Serous membranes
Skin

39
Q

Scleroderma (systemic Sclerosis)

A
  • Disease of connective tissue

- Excessive collagen deposition in skin

40
Q

Clinical Features of Scleroderma (systemic Sclerosis)

A
  • Edema of digits and hands
  • Tightening of skin, polyarthralgia
  • Stone faces
  • DOE – respiratory failure / pulmonary HTN
  • Dysphagia/ hypomotility
41
Q

CREST SYNDROME

Complications of Limited Sclerosis

A 
C = calcinosis 
R = Raynaud's phenomenon
E = esophageal dysmotility 
S = skin pigmentation
T = Telangiectasis

Phys exam 3 (5 decks)

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