Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phys exam 3 > Endocrine Pathology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

neuromuscular symptoms of endocrine disease

A
  • RA
  • Muscle weakness
  • Muscle atrophy
  • Myalgia
  • Fatigue
  • CTS
  • Synovial fluid changes ( Chondrocalcinosis)
  • Periarthritis
  • Spondyloarthropathy
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Arthralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

systemic signs AND symptoms of endocrine disease

A
  • Excessive or delayed growth
  • Polydipsia
  • Mental changes
  • Changes in hair
  • Changes in skin pigmentation
  • Changes in distribution of body fat
  • Changes in vital signs
  • Heart palpitations
  • Increased perspiration
  • Kussmaul respiration
  • Dehydration or excess retention of water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acromegaly

A

disease of adults that develops after epiphyseal plate closure

effects bones of face, jaw, hands, feet

develops slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acromegaly pt should be screened for

A
  • Weakness
  • Changes in joint mobility
  • Poor exercise intolerance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acromegaly clinical manifestations

A
  • Osteophyte formation
  • Widening of joint spaces
  • Chondrocalcinosis
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Thoracolumbar pain from osteophytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens acromegaly Surgical Ablation

A

growth hormone depleted & increases insulin sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gigantism

A

develops in children b4 age when epiphyses of bones close

develops abruptly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effects of gigantism on hormones?

A

as tumor enlarges - stimulating hormones, FSH, LH, & ACTH are LOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cushing disease

A

over secretion of ACTH by pituitary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effects of Cushing disease on body

A
  • overproduction of GH
  • increased prolactin
  • release adrenocortical, thyroid, or sex hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Acomegly & Gigantism
Cushing’s disease
Amenorrhea & hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypopituitarism (Dwarfism) effect on Growth Hormone

A

GH deficiency

  • short stature
  • delayed growth
  • delayed puberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what percent of the anterior pituitary must be destroyed for hypopituitarism to be present?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Achondroplasia Dwarfism

A
  • large head & short extremities
  • increased bone thickness
  • hypertrophy of soft tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

thyroid gland is responsible for

A

T3/T4
- regulate metabolic rate and protein synthesis

(calcitonin - weak effect on body & tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

thyroid imbalances effect the following tissues

A
  • nails & hair
  • skin
  • eyes
  • GI trat
  • Respiratory tract
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Neural tissue
  • Bone & muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who is more susceptible to thyroid imbalances

A

women w/ a family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excessive hormone secretion = elevation in body metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the most common diseases of Hyperthyroidism

A

Grave’s disease (85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What physiological effect does Grave’s disease have on the body?

A

Increased metabolism & increased sympathetic activity

  • Tachycardia
  • Increased CO & SV
  • Increased peripheral blood flow
  • Lipid depletion
  • Negative nitrogen balance
  • Nutritional deficiencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical presentation of Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Abnormal enlargement of thyroid (goiter)
  • Nervousness
  • Heat and exercise intolerance
  • Weight loss
  • Sweating, diarrhea
  • Tremor, palpitation
  • Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuromuscular presentation of Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Chronic periarthritis (calcification of shoulder joint)
  • proximal muscle weakness in 70% of pts
  • diaphragm weakness
23
Q

How does radioiodine affect the thyroid?

A

causes hyperthyroidism

older adults of pt with cardiac disease are pre-treated with antithyroid before receiving this treatment

24
Q

Goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland due to :

  • lack of iodine
  • inflammation
  • tumor
25
Q

What is the most common disorder of thyroid function in US & Canada?

A

Hypothyroidism

26
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

low thyroid levels ( can be small or goiter depending on cause of disorder)

SLOWED metabolism

27
Q

Clinical Presentation OF Hypothyroidism

A
  • Goiter
  • Decreased GI tract motility
  • Bradycardia
  • Slowed neurologic function
  • Decreased heart function
  • Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride (CAD)
  • Fatigue, sensitivity to cold, weight gain, forgetfulness, depression, dry skin or hair
28
Q

more severe version of hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema

29
Q

Neuromuscular symptoms OF Hypothyroidism

A
  • CTS
  • proximal weakness
  • abnormal number of trigger points
  • DTRs with slowed reaction
30
Q

Musculoskeletal changes OF Hypothyroidism

A
  • non-inflammatory joint effusion
  • chondrocalcinosis
  • CPPD disease: pseudogout (spinal stenosis)
31
Q

Myxedema effect on trigger points

A

any compromise of energy metabolism of the muscle aggravates and perpetuates trigger points

32
Q

Management of myxedema

A
  • medication to increase thyroid hormones
  • supery
  • management of atherosclerosis & CAD
  • exercise
33
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

High Calcium

Low phosphate

34
Q

Physiological effects of Hyperparathyroidism

A
  • Bone damage
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Renal damage
35
Q

most common cause of Hyperparathyroidism

A

parathyroid adenoma is the cause in 95% of cases

36
Q

Bone damage of Hyperparathyroidism

A
  • Calcium leaves bone and goes into blood – hypercalcemia
  • Calcium loss leads to bone demineralization

prone to pathologic fractures & deformity

chronic low back pain

37
Q

most affected body parts from Bone damage of Hyperparathyroidism

A
  • Achilles
  • Triceps
  • obturator tendons
  • Hands & wrist (CTS)
  • shoulder
  • knees
38
Q

Hypercalcemia of Hyperparathyroidism & its symptoms

A

High calcium in blood – high calcium in urine – overwhelm renal system

causes

  • abdominal pain
  • peptic ulcer disease
  • paraesthesia, muscle cramps, sensory loss
39
Q

Renal damage of Hyperparathyroidism

A

Nephrocalcinosis (kidney stone)

Ca2+ is insoluble in urine and is deposited in the kidney

40
Q

Function of adrenal cortex (very simple kk)

A

responds to stress

41
Q

Hypoparathyroidism - most significant clinical response

A

tetany (due to hypocalcemia)

42
Q

how does Hypoparathyroidism spread?

A

spreads & becomes more severe

  • painful muscle spasms
  • laryngospasm
  • arrhythmias
  • decrease CO
43
Q

Addison’s disease

A

adrenal insufficiency

autoimmune

44
Q

what physiological response occurs during Addison’s disease ?

A
  • cortical deficiency

- decreased aldosterone

45
Q

Cortical deficiency effects of Addison’s disease ?

A
  • decreased gluconeogenesis
  • weakness/exhaustion/weight loss
  • hypotension
  • INCREASED ACTH and MSH (makes people look tan/bronzed)
46
Q

decreased aldosterone of Addison’s disease ?

A
  • Hyponatremia
  • Dehydration
  • Hypotension
  • Circulatory collapse
  • Hyperkalemia (arrhythmia )
47
Q

Hypercortisolism AKA

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

48
Q

common cause of cushing’s syndrome

A

long-term steroid administration

49
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome symptoms/ side effects

A
  • Weakness, osteoporosis
  • Poor wound healing
  • Osteonecrosis (femoral head)
50
Q

Clinical Features of Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • Obesity

- Skin: Trophic changes

51
Q

Musculoskeletal system effect on Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • osteoporosis (back pain)
  • steroid myopathy
  • HTN
52
Q

secondary characteristics of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

females become verialized (increased facial hair, thinning of scalp hair, acne)

men have impotence and decreased libido

53
Q

Physiologic changes of Cushing’s Syndrome

A
  • irritability
  • emotional lability
  • depression and paranoia
54
Q

Other Causes of Cushing’s Syndrome

A

tumor in adrenal gland

ACTH produced from lung cancer

Phys exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions