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BPT Immunology > Immunology Revision > Flashcards

Immunology Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 complement pathways?

A

alternative, classical and lectin

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2
Q

How is the classical pathway activated?

A

immune complexes

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3
Q

What is the outcome of the complement pathway?

A

inflammation, opsonisation, phagocytosis, activation of adaptive immunity

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4
Q

What does C1 esterase deficiency lead to?

A

hereditary angioedema

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema?

A

C1 esterase deficiency means that kallikrein releases more bradykinin which causes increased vascular permeability which leads to angioedema

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6
Q

What complement deficiency causes aHUS?

A

factor I and factor H

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7
Q

What complement deficiency causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency?

A

CR3/CR4

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8
Q

What complement deficiency causes paroxysmal nocturnal haematuria?

A

CD59/CD55

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9
Q

How is CRP made?

A

TLR are bound which causes release of IL-6 which stimulates the liver to produce acute phase reactants including CRP

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10
Q

What is anakinra?

A

An IL1 receptor antagonist

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11
Q

What is caused by a mutation in AIRE?

A

autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome

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12
Q

Which T cells do MHC-II present to?

A

CD4

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13
Q

Which T cells do MHC-I present to?

A

CD8

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14
Q

Which cells have MHC-II?

A

antigen presenting cells

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15
Q

Which cells have MHC-I?

A

all nucleated cells

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16
Q

What happens when when a MHC-I activates a cytotoxic lymphocyte?

A

release of granzymes and perforins, binding of FAS and FAS ligand, release of cytokines driving inflammation

17
Q

What 3 signals are required for T cell differentiation?

A

antigen presentation, cytokine millieu, co-stimulation

18
Q

What is the role of CTLA4?

A

to down regulate T cell activation

19
Q

What is the result of CTLA-4 absence?

A

autoimmunity and immunodeficiency

20
Q

What is the role of PD1?

A

inhibits TCR signalling leading to T cell anergy

21
Q

Where does B cell maturation occur?

A

in the bone marrow

22
Q

What causes B cell class switching?

A

binding to T cells

23
Q

What causes hyper IgM syndrome?

A

lack of CD40-CD40 ligand binding so there is no B cell class switching

BPT Immunology (7 decks)

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