Immunology Refresh Flashcards
another name for HLA?
MHC
what is MHC
a group of genes that code for antigen presenting proteins on cell surfaces
what type of cells contain MHC class 1?
all cells
what type of cells contain MHC class 2?
B cells
what do MHC class 1 molecules do?
present ENDOgenous antigen to CD8 T cells
what do MHC class 2 molecules do?
present EXOgenous antigen to TH1 CD4 T cells
what type of T cell responds to MHC class 2 molecuels?
TH1 CD4 T cells
T helper cells are what kind of T cell?
CD4+ T cells
T killer cells are what kind of T cell?
CD8+ T cells
main function of TH1 cells
activate macrophages by producing cytokines
CD4 T cells activate in response to what MHC class?
class 2
what do CD8 T cells do?
kill infected cells directly
protect against viruses and cancer
CD8 T cells activate in response to what MHC class?
class 1
keratinocytes secrete what immunological substance?
defensins
what are defensins?
antimicrobial peptides in the skin
what antibody is prevalent in the GI tract?
IgA
main 2 types of phagocyte?
neutrophils
macrophages
phagocytes are the involved in the control of what microbes?
bacteria
fungi
first antibody made in response to an antigen?
IgM
2nd antibody made in response to an antigen?
IgG
what do antibodies do?
opsonise microbes for ingestion by phagocytes by attaching to them
antibodies work effectively against what microbes?
bacteria
viruses
what cells are infected by HIV?
CD4 T cells
what conditions can cause hyposplenism?
sickle cell
cirrhosis
coeliac disease
why are elderly people more prone to infections?
autoimmune disorders more common
cells slower to respond/destroy bacteria
less antibody/complement made
anti-TNF has a strong association with what microbe?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
what does raised urea/creatinine indicate?
renal hypoperfusion in an acute kidney injury
cause of lactic acidosis in sepsis?
diffuse tissue hypoperfusion leads to hypoxia
start anaerobically respiring -> lactic acid
causes metabolic acidosis
