Immunology: overview Flashcards
What is the innate immune system comprised of?
epithelial barriers, phagocytic leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), dendritic cells, natural killer cells, plasma proteins such as complement
What is the Adaptive immune system comprised of?
T cells and B cells
Which part of the immune system has memory?
Adaptive
What kinds of signals does the innate immune system recognize?
PAMPs
What kind of signals does the adaptive immune system recognize?
epitopes on antigen
How does the innate immune system get activated?
Pattern Recognition Receptors recognize PAMP on bacteria, virus, fungal or parasite pathogens
*response to pathogen will be the SAME every time!
How does the Adaptive Immune System act?
is activated by invading antigen, Antibody or T cell receptor recognize epitope, cascade of events, prepare for future defense=immune memory via T and B cells
what is the goal of CD4 T cells?
recruit and activate, secrete cytokines
what is the goal of CD8 T cells?
kill
what is the factor required to proliferate T cells?
IL-2
what cytokine do Th1 cells produce?
IFN-y
what cytokines induce Th1 cells?
IFN-y and IL-12
what are Th1 cells responsible for?
macrophage activation, stimulation of IgG antibody
what is the TH1 cell role in disease?
immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease
what do Th1 cells defend against?
intracellular microbes
What cytokines do Th2 cells produce?
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13
what cytokine produces Th2 cells?
IL-4
what immunologic reactions are triggered by Th2 cells?
stimulation of IgE, activate mast cells and eosinophils
what do TH2 cells defend against?
helminthic parasites
what role do Th2 cells have in disease?
allergies
what cytokines do Th17 cells produce?
Il-17, IL-22, chemokines
what cytokines induce Th17 cells?
TGF-B, IL-6, IL-1, IL-23
what immunolgic reactions are triggered by Th-17 cells?
recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes
what do Th17 cells defend against?
extracellular bacteria, fungi
what kind of role do Th17 cells play in clinical disease?
chronic inflammation
what is the goal of plasma cells?
secrete soluble antibodies
what is IgM responsible for?
activating classical complement pathway
what is IgG responsible for?
neutralizing microbes and toxins, opsonize antigens, activate classical complement pathway, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
what is IgA responsible for?
mucosal transport
what is IgE responsible for?
allergy; mast cell degranulation
what do live attenuated vaccines induce?
T cells; strong, life long immunity, micro-organism is modified to decrease pathogenicity, limited growth after injection
what do inactivated vaccines induce?
B cells; pathogen is inactivated with heat or chemicals but retains an immunologic epitope on surface, weaker immunity that requires booster
