Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis II Flashcards
Name at least 3 MS susceptibility genes identified from whole-genome sequencing
HLA class II, IL-7 receptor, IL-2 receptor alpha, CD58
Which chromosomal region encodes HLA class II?
6p21-23
Describe Steri et al’s 2017 findings on MS in Sardinia
Incidence of MS is particularly high in Sardinia, despite it being neither northern in latitude or low in sunlight. However, some Sardinians have a gene variant in the BAFF gene, increasing the number of B cells and predisposing to autoimmunity
Name 3 candidate target myelin antigens that could be involved in MS
Myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendroglia glycoprotein (MOG)
Name the most common comorbid autoimmune condition in MS patients
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Name at least 2 immunomodulatory treatments for MS
Interferon beta, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, daclizumab
Name 2 MS treatments which block immune cell entry to the CNS
Anti-alpha 4 integrin (Natalizumab), Glyenia
Name at least 2 immunosuppressing or depleting treatments for MS
Alemtuzamab, cladribine, ocrelizaumab, rituximab, mitoxantrone
State the method of action in Daclizumab for MS
Immunomodulation
State the method of action of Natalizumab for MS
Blocks immune cell entry to the CNS by acting on alpha 4 integrin
State the method of action of rituximab for MS
Immunosuppression
Describe the formation of an ectopic B cell follicle
A chronically inflammed area leads to the formation of lymphocyte aggregates, which undergo FDC differentiation and produce CXCL13, leading to the formation of an organised ectopic follicle
Name 3 cells which produce IFN-gamma
CD4 Th1 cells, mucosa-associated invariant T cells, natural killer cells
Name at least three T cell subtypes which contribute to pathology in MS
CD4 Th1 cells, CD4 Th17 cells, CD8 cells, MAIT cells
Name three T cell anti-inflammatory subtypes which are dysregulated in MS
CD4 T helper Th2 cells, CD4 CD25 T-reg cells, CD57 CD8 T-reg cells
