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IMMUNOLOGY > IMMUNOLOGY- Lymphoid structures > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY- Lymphoid structures Flashcards

1
Q

How are consider the lymph nodes?

A

Secondary lymphoid organ

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2
Q

How many afferents can lymph node have?

A

Many afferents

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3
Q

How many efferents can lymph node have?

A

1 or more efferents

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4
Q

What is an important outer structure of Lymph nodes?

A

Encapsulated with trabeculae

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5
Q

Which are the functions of lymph node?

A

Nonspecific filtration by macrophages, storage of B and T cells and immuneresponse activation

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6
Q

Which are the structures of a Lymph node?

A

Follicle
Medulla
Paracortex

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7
Q

Site of B cell localization and proliferation in lymph node

A

Follicle

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8
Q

Where is located follicle in lymph node?

A

Outer cortex

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9
Q

Which are the types of follicles of lymph node?

A

1º follicles

2º follicles

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10
Q

What is the main characteristics of 1º follicles in lymph nodes?

A

Are dense and dormant

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11
Q

What are the 2º follicles of lymph nodes?

A

Have pale central germinal centers and centers

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12
Q

Structuraly how is medulla composed of lymph nodes

A

Consists of medullary cords and medullary sinuses

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13
Q

What is contained in medullary cords?

A

Closely packed lymphocytes and plasma cells

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14
Q

What is the importance of medullary sinuses in lymph nodes?

A

Communicate with efferent lymphatics and contain reticular cells and macrophages

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15
Q

In Lymph node what is the purpose of Paracortex?

A

Houses T cells

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16
Q

Where is located the paracortex in lymph nodes?

A

Region of cortex between follicles and medulla

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17
Q

What does the paracortex contains?

A

High endothelial venules

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18
Q

This is the importance of high endothelial venules

A

Through which T cells enter from blood

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19
Q

What structure of Lymph node is affected in DiGeorge syndrome?

A

Paracortex

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20
Q

When is Paracortex enlarged?

A

In a exteme cellular immune response (Viral infection)

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21
Q

Which structure of lymph nodes is enlarged during viral infections?

A

Paracortex

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22
Q

These lymph node cluster drain head and neck

A

Cervical

23
Q

Lymph nodes responsable of draining Lungs

A

Hilar

24
Q

Which area of the body is drained by Mediastinal Lymph nodes?

A

Trachea and esophagus

25
Q

Which lymph nodes drain Upper limb, brasr, skin above the umbilicus?

A

Axillary

26
Q

Which areas of the body are drained by Celiac nodes?

A

Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas upper duodenum

27
Q

These structures are drained by Superior mesenteric lymph nodes

A

Lower duodenumm jejunumm ileum, colon to splenic flexure

28
Q

Which lymph node cluster manage the drainage of Colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum?

A

Inferior mesenteric

29
Q

What is drained by internal iliac lymph nodes?

A

Lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), protate

30
Q

These structures are drained by para-aortic lymph nodes

A

Testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

31
Q

This lymph node cluster drains Anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)

A

Superficial inguinal

32
Q

What does the Popliteal lymph nodes drain?

A

Dorsolateral foor, posterior claf

33
Q

What is the function of Right lymphatic duct?

A

Drains right side of body above diaphragm

34
Q

What does the thoracic duct drains?

A

Everything else into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular veins

35
Q

What are the sinusoids of the spleen?

A

Long, vascular channels in red pulp with fenestrated “barrel hoop” basement membrane

36
Q

Where are located the macrophages in the spleen?

A

Nearby sinusoids of spleen

37
Q

Where are located the T cells in the spleen?

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheat wiyhin the white pulp of the spleen

38
Q

This is the location of B cells in the spleen

A

Found in follicles within the white puplp of the spleen

39
Q

Where is located the Marginal zone of the spleen?

A

Between the red pulp and white pulp

40
Q

Which is the importance of the marginal zone of the spleen?

A

Contains APCs and specialized B cells, and is where APCs present blood borne antigen

41
Q

What is the funcion of the macrophages in the spleen?

A

remove encapsulated bacteria

42
Q

Which cases are consider Splenic dysfunction?

A

Postsplenectomy

Sickle cell disease

43
Q

What is affected in splenic dysfunction?

A

↓ IgM→ ↓ complement activation → ↓C3b opsonization → ↑ susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

44
Q

Which bacterias are encapsulated?

A 
SHiNE SKiS
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae type B
Neisseria meningitidis
Escherichia coli
Salmonella spp
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Group B Strectococci
45
Q

Which cells can be found in postsplenectomy patients?

A

Howell Jolly bodies
Target cells
Thrombocytosis

46
Q

What are Howell Jolly bodies?

A

Nuclear remnants

47
Q

What is the importance of Thymus?

A

Site of T cell differentiantion and maturation. Encapsulated

48
Q

Which is the origin of Thymus?

A

From epithelium of 3rd pharyngeal pounches

49
Q

This is the origin of Lymphocytes

A

Mesenchymal origin

50
Q

Structurally how is Thymus composed?

A

Cortex and Medulla

51
Q

What does Thymus cortex contains?

A

Dense immature T cells

52
Q

How is Thymus medulla composed?

A

Pale with mature T cells and Hassall corpuscules containing epithelial reticular cells

53
Q

Which is the site of T cell differentiation?

A

Thymus

54
Q

This is the site for B cell maturation

A

Bone marrow

IMMUNOLOGY (5 decks)

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