IMMUNOLOGY- Lymphoid structures

Question 1

How are consider the lymph nodes?

Answer 1

Secondary lymphoid organ

Question 2

How many afferents can lymph node have?

Answer 2

Many afferents

Question 3

How many efferents can lymph node have?

Answer 3

1 or more efferents

Question 4

What is an important outer structure of Lymph nodes?

Answer 4

Encapsulated with trabeculae

Question 5

Which are the functions of lymph node?

Answer 5

Nonspecific filtration by macrophages, storage of B and T cells and immuneresponse activation

Question 6

Which are the structures of a Lymph node?

Answer 6

Follicle
Medulla
Paracortex

Question 7

Site of B cell localization and proliferation in lymph node

Answer 7

Follicle

Question 8

Where is located follicle in lymph node?

Answer 8

Outer cortex

Question 9

Which are the types of follicles of lymph node?

Answer 9

1º follicles

2º follicles

Question 10

What is the main characteristics of 1º follicles in lymph nodes?

Answer 10

Are dense and dormant

Question 11

What are the 2º follicles of lymph nodes?

Answer 11

Have pale central germinal centers and centers

Question 12

Structuraly how is medulla composed of lymph nodes

Answer 12

Consists of medullary cords and medullary sinuses

Question 13

What is contained in medullary cords?

Answer 13

Closely packed lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 14

What is the importance of medullary sinuses in lymph nodes?

Answer 14

Communicate with efferent lymphatics and contain reticular cells and macrophages

Question 15

In Lymph node what is the purpose of Paracortex?

Answer 15

Houses T cells

Question 16

Where is located the paracortex in lymph nodes?

Answer 16

Region of cortex between follicles and medulla

Question 17

What does the paracortex contains?

Answer 17

High endothelial venules

Question 18

This is the importance of high endothelial venules

Answer 18

Through which T cells enter from blood

Question 19

What structure of Lymph node is affected in DiGeorge syndrome?

Answer 19

Paracortex

Question 20

When is Paracortex enlarged?

Answer 20

In a exteme cellular immune response (Viral infection)

Question 21

Which structure of lymph nodes is enlarged during viral infections?

Answer 21

Paracortex

Question 22

These lymph node cluster drain head and neck

Answer 22

Cervical

Question 23

Lymph nodes responsable of draining Lungs

Answer 23

Hilar

Question 24

Which area of the body is drained by Mediastinal Lymph nodes?

Answer 24

Trachea and esophagus

Question 25

Which lymph nodes drain Upper limb, brasr, skin above the umbilicus?

Answer 25

Axillary

Question 26

Which areas of the body are drained by Celiac nodes?

Answer 26

Liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas upper duodenum

Question 27

These structures are drained by Superior mesenteric lymph nodes

Answer 27

Lower duodenumm jejunumm ileum, colon to splenic flexure

Question 28

Which lymph node cluster manage the drainage of Colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum?

Answer 28

Inferior mesenteric

Question 29

What is drained by internal iliac lymph nodes?

Answer 29

Lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina (middle third), protate

Question 30

These structures are drained by para-aortic lymph nodes

Answer 30

Testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

Question 31

This lymph node cluster drains Anal canal (below pectinate line), skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)

Answer 31

Superficial inguinal

Question 32

What does the Popliteal lymph nodes drain?

Answer 32

Dorsolateral foor, posterior claf

Question 33

What is the function of Right lymphatic duct?

Answer 33

Drains right side of body above diaphragm

Question 34

What does the thoracic duct drains?

Answer 34

Everything else into junction of left subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 35

What are the sinusoids of the spleen?

Answer 35

Long, vascular channels in red pulp with fenestrated "barrel hoop" basement membrane

Question 36

Where are located the macrophages in the spleen?

Answer 36

Nearby sinusoids of spleen

Question 37

Where are located the T cells in the spleen?

Answer 37

Periarterial lymphatic sheat wiyhin the white pulp of the spleen

Question 38

This is the location of B cells in the spleen

Answer 38

Found in follicles within the white puplp of the spleen

Question 39

Where is located the Marginal zone of the spleen?

Answer 39

Between the red pulp and white pulp

Question 40

Which is the importance of the marginal zone of the spleen?

Answer 40

Contains APCs and specialized B cells, and is where APCs present blood borne antigen

Question 41

What is the funcion of the macrophages in the spleen?

Answer 41

remove encapsulated bacteria

Question 42

Which cases are consider Splenic dysfunction?

Answer 42

Postsplenectomy | Sickle cell disease

Question 43

What is affected in splenic dysfunction?

Answer 43

↓ IgM→ ↓ complement activation → ↓C3b opsonization → ↑ susceptibility to encapsulated organisms

Question 44

Which bacterias are encapsulated?

Answer 44

``` SHiNE SKiS Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae type B Neisseria meningitidis Escherichia coli Salmonella spp Klebsiella pneumoniae Group B Strectococci ```

Question 45

Which cells can be found in postsplenectomy patients?

Answer 45

Howell Jolly bodies Target cells Thrombocytosis

Question 46

What are Howell Jolly bodies?

Answer 46

Nuclear remnants

Question 47

What is the importance of Thymus?

Answer 47

Site of T cell differentiantion and maturation. Encapsulated

Question 48

Which is the origin of Thymus?

Answer 48

From epithelium of 3rd pharyngeal pounches

Question 49

This is the origin of Lymphocytes

Answer 49

Mesenchymal origin

Question 50

Structurally how is Thymus composed?

Answer 50

Cortex and Medulla

Question 51

What does Thymus cortex contains?

Answer 51

Dense immature T cells

Question 52

How is Thymus medulla composed?

Answer 52

Pale with mature T cells and Hassall corpuscules containing epithelial reticular cells

Question 53

Which is the site of T cell differentiation?

Answer 53

Thymus

Question 54

This is the site for B cell maturation

Answer 54

Bone marrow