Immunology First Two Lectures Flashcards
What is the name for a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylactic
What are the characteristics of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
Wheal and flare
What antibody is involved in a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
IgE
What WBCs are involved in a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
Eosinophils and Basophils
What is the name for a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?
Cytotoxic
What are the characteristics of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?
Cell lysis and necrosis
What antibody is involved in a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?
IgG and IgM
What immune processes are involved in a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
Antibodies and compliment system
Give an example of a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
Good pastures
What is the name for a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?
Immune complex
What are the characteristics of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?
Errythema oedema and necrosis
What antibody is involved in a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?
IgG and IgM
What immune factors are involved in a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?
Neutrophils and complement system
Give an example of a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction
Farmers Lung
SLE
What is the name for a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?
Delayed type
What antibody is involved in a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?
None
What are the characteristics of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?
Erythema
Give an example of a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
Contact dermatitis
TB
What is the atopic triad
Allergic Rhinitis
Asthma
Atopic dermatitis
What does release of IgE do to the body
Smooth muscle hypertrophy
Vasodilation
Mucous glands activated
What is the late phase response?
After histamine has been released
Cytokines are released and leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Whats the gold standard test for food allergies
Oral challenge test
What other tests can you can do for allergies
Basophil activation test (when IgE binds to basophils Cd63 markers increase)
Skin prick test
Name the three phagocytotic cells
Neutrophils (eat)
Macrophages (eat and produce chemokine)
Dendritic cells (eat and present antigen to T cell)
What system is involved in autoinflammation?
Innate immune system - Neutrophils and macrophages
What system is involved in autoimmune disease?
Adaptive
What is central tolerance?
When B and T cells are made in BM they mature and undergo negative selection in the thymus to ensure they don’t fight the body
What does a mutation in the FOXP3 gene do?
Causes failure to develop regulatory T cells
Causes severe autoimmunity from birth
In AI diseases what do auto reactive B and T cells do?
Autoreative B cells: activate autoantibodies and the complement system
Autoreactive T cells: Activate Cytokines
