Disease of MSK 2

Question 1

Are soft tissue tumours common?

Answer 1

No account for 1% of tumours

Question 2

What are malignant soft tissue tumours called?

Answer 2

Sarcomas

Question 3

Are congenital tumours often malignant?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Tumours

Answer 4

Ultrasound guided core biopsy
Wide excision
Cytogenetics- culture of fresh tissue and karyotypic analysis
Molecular genetics- FISH and PCR and RT-PCR

Question 5

Where do bone tumours arise from?

Answer 5

bone and cartilage

Question 6

Name two benign bone tumours

Answer 6

Osteomas Osteoblastomas

Question 7

Name a benign cartilage tumour

Answer 7

chondroma

Question 8

Name Malignant Bone Tumours

Answer 8

Osteosarcoma

Question 9

Where is the commonest sign of a Osteosarcoma

Answer 9

Around the knee(60%)

In young people

Question 10

Chondrosarcomas
Ewing’s sarcoma
Giant cell Tumours
are all type of what?

Answer 10

Other bone tumours

Question 11

Features of SLE (CCCR)

Answer 11

Cutaneous- Butterfly rash is typical affecting the bridge of nose and the cheeks
Cardiac- cardiomegaly,endocarditis
CNS-important cause for morbidity and mortality- convulsions, hemiplegia
Renal- 45% of patients, Nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis

Question 12

What is Systemic sclerosis

Answer 12

an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue, it is characterized by thickening of the skin caused by accumulation of collagen, and by injuries to small arteries.

Question 13

Features of systemic sclerosis

Answer 13

Vessel damage, inflammatory response and cytokines
Diffuse- widespread cutaneous lesions
Renal, Cardiorespiratory and Gastrointestinal tract
Osteoarticular involvement- artharlgia and arthritis
Poor prognosis

Question 14

Systemic sclerosis- localised variant

Answer 14

Limited cutaneous involvement, oeasophageal involvement and SI malabsorption
CREST syndrome present:
Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly,telangiectasia

Question 15

What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Answer 15

Stiffness, weakness, aching and pain in the muscles of neck, limb girdles and upper limbs.

Question 16

What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica associated with?

Answer 16

Assoc with giant cell arteritis- affects occipital or facial arteries- pyrexia, headache and severe scalp pain

Question 17

What is myopathy?

Answer 17

Myopathy-Muscle disease unrelated to any disorder of innervation or neuromuscular junction

Question 18

What is myositis?

Answer 18

Myositis- muscle fibres and overlying skin are inflamed and damaged resulting in muscle weakness

Question 19

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 19

Heterogenous group
Inherited disorders
Progressively severe muscle weakness and wasting
Begins in childhood

Question 20

Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 20

Inherited disease – fast rise in body temperature and severe muscle contraction when the affected person gets general anaesthesia

Question 21

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 21

Destruction of skeletal muscle
Release of muscle fibre content into blood
Myoglobin is released into the blood stream
Filtered through the kidney and enters urine- myoglobinuria- brown urine

Question 22

What can cause rhabdomyolysis

Answer 22

Trauma, crush injuries
Drugs- cocaine, amphetamine
Extreme temperature
Severe exertion-marathon running
Lengthy surgery
Severe dehydration
Important complication- acute renal failure

Question 23

Features of malignant hypertermia

Answer 23

Bleeding
Dark brown urine
Muscle rigidity
Quick rise in body temperature to 105 degree F or higher
Discovered during  anaesthesia
May have family history

Question 24

What is Ewings sarcoma

Answer 24

Primary bone tumour
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common primary sarcoma in children and young people. This type of cancer is a bone cancer and most commonly occurs in the long bones, ribs, pelvis and spine (vertebral column).