Disease of MSK 2 Flashcards
Are soft tissue tumours common?
No account for 1% of tumours
What are malignant soft tissue tumours called?
Sarcomas
Are congenital tumours often malignant?
No
Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Tumours
Ultrasound guided core biopsy
Wide excision
Cytogenetics- culture of fresh tissue and karyotypic analysis
Molecular genetics- FISH and PCR and RT-PCR
Where do bone tumours arise from?
bone and cartilage
Name two benign bone tumours
Osteomas Osteoblastomas
Name a benign cartilage tumour
chondroma
Name Malignant Bone Tumours
Osteosarcoma
Where is the commonest sign of a Osteosarcoma
Around the knee(60%)
In young people
Chondrosarcomas
Ewing’s sarcoma
Giant cell Tumours
are all type of what?
Other bone tumours
Features of SLE (CCCR)
Cutaneous- Butterfly rash is typical affecting the bridge of nose and the cheeks
Cardiac- cardiomegaly,endocarditis
CNS-important cause for morbidity and mortality- convulsions, hemiplegia
Renal- 45% of patients, Nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis
What is Systemic sclerosis
an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue, it is characterized by thickening of the skin caused by accumulation of collagen, and by injuries to small arteries.
Features of systemic sclerosis
Vessel damage, inflammatory response and cytokines
Diffuse- widespread cutaneous lesions
Renal, Cardiorespiratory and Gastrointestinal tract
Osteoarticular involvement- artharlgia and arthritis
Poor prognosis
Systemic sclerosis- localised variant
Limited cutaneous involvement, oeasophageal involvement and SI malabsorption
CREST syndrome present:
Calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly,telangiectasia
What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Stiffness, weakness, aching and pain in the muscles of neck, limb girdles and upper limbs.
What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica associated with?
Assoc with giant cell arteritis- affects occipital or facial arteries- pyrexia, headache and severe scalp pain
What is myopathy?
Myopathy-Muscle disease unrelated to any disorder of innervation or neuromuscular junction
What is myositis?
Myositis- muscle fibres and overlying skin are inflamed and damaged resulting in muscle weakness
Muscular dystrophy
Heterogenous group
Inherited disorders
Progressively severe muscle weakness and wasting
Begins in childhood
Malignant Hyperthermia
Inherited disease – fast rise in body temperature and severe muscle contraction when the affected person gets general anaesthesia
Rhabdomyolysis
Destruction of skeletal muscle
Release of muscle fibre content into blood
Myoglobin is released into the blood stream
Filtered through the kidney and enters urine- myoglobinuria- brown urine
What can cause rhabdomyolysis
Trauma, crush injuries Drugs- cocaine, amphetamine Extreme temperature Severe exertion-marathon running Lengthy surgery Severe dehydration Important complication- acute renal failure
Features of malignant hypertermia
Bleeding Dark brown urine Muscle rigidity Quick rise in body temperature to 105 degree F or higher Discovered during anaesthesia May have family history
What is Ewings sarcoma
Primary bone tumour
Ewing sarcoma is the second most common primary sarcoma in children and young people. This type of cancer is a bone cancer and most commonly occurs in the long bones, ribs, pelvis and spine (vertebral column).
