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Immunology > Immunology Exam 4 > Flashcards

Immunology Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha-Gal antigen is responsible for

A

f. rejection of allograft
g. hyperacute rejection of xenograft
h. acute rejection of xenograft
i. chronic rejection of xenograft
j. none of the above

G

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2
Q

Acute rejection happens

A

a. Between one hour and three days after transplantation
b. Between one day and three weeks after transplantation
c. Between one week and three months after transplantation
d. Beginning after three months of the post-transplant period
e. None of the above

C

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3
Q

Which organs and tissues are NOT immune-privileged sites?

A

a. Eye
b. Liver
c. Bone marrow
d. Placenta
e. All above are immune-privileged

C

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4
Q

Which immune response is stronger and faster?

A

k. Primary
l. Secondary
m. Both are equally strong
n. Depending on the antigen

L

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5
Q

What is NOT a property of the perfect vaccine?

A

a. Long life immunity
b. Broadly protective against all variants of the microorganism
c. Induces immune response against antigens of other organisms including autoantigens
d. effective in all vaccinated subjects
e. transmit maternal protection to the fetus

C

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6
Q

Vaccine shedding is

A

a. Rapid disappearance of protective antibodies after vaccination
b. Transmission of immunological memory from vaccinated to non-vaccinated people
c. Side effects, such as fever, allergy, and other health problems after vaccination
d. Release of the infectious agent (usually virus), which can infect other people
e. Loss or inactivation of the vaccine during its administration (e.g., leakage of the vaccine)

D

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7
Q

Anaphylaxis is

A

a. An acute allergic reaction
b. A chronic allergic reaction

A

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8
Q

What may cause anaphylaxis?

A

a. insect bites
b. stings
c. foods
d. medications
e. all the above

E

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9
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

a. chemically reactive small molecules
b. IgE
c. antigen-specific effector T cells
d. immune complexes

B

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10
Q

Type II hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

a. chemically reactive small molecules
b. IgE
c. antigen-specific effector T cells
d. immune complexes

A

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11
Q

Type III hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

a. chemically reactive small molecules
b. IgE
c. antigen-specific effector T cells
d. immune complexes

D

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12
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

a. chemically reactive small molecules
b. IgE
c. antigen-specific effector T cells
d. immune complexes

C

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13
Q

Which cells facilitate removal of immune complexes?

A

a. Erythrocytes
b. Leukocytes
c. Dendritic cells
d. T-lympocytes
e. B-lymphocytes

A

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14
Q

Which diseases can be caused by the cross-reactivity between the streptococcal antigens and
autoantigens?

A

a. Multiple sclerosis
b. Rheumatic fever
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. SLE
e. None of the above

B

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15
Q

Antinuclear antibodies are detected in

A

a. Type I diabetes
b. SLE
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Asthma
e. Multiple sclerosis

B

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16
Q

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells takes place in

A

a. Type I diabetes
b. SLE
c. Rheumatoid arthritis
d. Asthma
e. Multiple sclerosis

A

17
Q

Rheumatoid factor is

A

a. Antibodies against the synovial membrane of joints
b. antibody against the Fab portions of IgG
c. antibody against the Fc portion of IgG
d. a and b
e. a and c

C

18
Q

What is NOT autoimmune disease?

A

a. Type I diabetes
b. Type II diabetes
c. SLE
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
e. Multiple sclerosis

B

19
Q

Which kind of transplant is NOT accompanied by rejection?

A

a. Allogeneic
b. Syngeneic
c. Autologous
d. A and b
e. B and c

E

20
Q

Which of the following are NOT mechanisms of immune privilege?

A

a. Antigens from immune privileged regions induce tolerance
b. Low expression of classical MHC class I molecules
c. Local production of immunosuppressive cytokines
d. Enhanced activation of complement at local sites
e. Physical structures surrounding privileged sites cause a lack of lymphatic drainage

D

21
Q

Which components of the immune system can be affected by the primary immunodeficiency?

A

a. Phagocytosis
b. Complement system
c. T-cells
d. B-cells
e. All the above

E

22
Q

Complement defects may contribute to the development to the following diseases:

A

a. SLE
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. A and b
e. A and C

D

23
Q

What does not cause secondary immunodeficiencies?

A

a. Genetic defects
b. Malnutrition
c. Drug regimens
d. Infectious agents
e. No right answer is offered

A

24
Q

HIV mainly destroys:

A

a. Dendritic cells
b. Macrophages
c. T-helpers
d. T-killers (cytotoxic T cells)
e. B cells

C

25
Q

HIV seroconversion takes place:

A

a. Within 5 -7 days after initial infection
b. Within few weeks after initial infection
c. Within few months after initial infection
d. Within few years after initial infection
e. It significantly depends on the how the person was infected (blood/organ transfusion,
intercourse, injection of drugs, etc.)

B

26
Q

Which cells do not disappear after the primary immune response?

A

a. T-helpers
b. Cytotoxic T-cells
c. Memory T-cells
d. A and b
e. B and c

C

27
Q

Which cells can live up to several decades?

A

a. Memory cells
b. T-helpers
c. Cytotoxic T-cells
d. Macrophages
e. All the above

A

28
Q

When the immunized person begins producing IgG?

A

a. By the 5 th day after the first injection
b. By the 7-14 day after the first injection
c. By the 21-30 days after the first injection
d. About 2 months after the first injection
e. IgG are never produced after the first injection

B

29
Q

What are NOT features of the protective immunity?

A

a. The antibodies are not neutralizing but only indicating the infection by the pathogen
b. High-affinity pathogen-specific antibodies are present throughout the blood, lymph, and
tissues, or at every mucosal surface.
c. These antibodies are secreted by plasma cells.
d. High levels of antibodies are sustained for several months after the infection has been
cleared
e. The presence of the memory cells

A

30
Q

Which vaccines are considered as the safest?

A

a. Whole-pathogen inactivated vaccines
b. Whole pathogen-attenuated vaccines
c. DNA vaccines
d. RNA vaccines
e. Vaccines without adjuvants

D

Immunology (3 decks)

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