Immunology Exam 3 Flashcards
Mechanism/s for cell damage in type II hypersensitivity
A. Classical complement cascade
B. Natural Killer Cells
C. Opsonization
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Incompatible blood transfusion could induce a hemolytic reaction that results in intravascular lysis of the RBC’s and release of _______ from lysed cells.
HEMOGLOBULIN
Production of _____ anitibodies may be due to…
A. Emergence of forbidden clone of B cells
B. Production of antibody against sequestered tissue
C. Indirection -induced change in the cell receptors
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
The lack of immune response for self-antigens in the tissue is caused by:
A. Deletion of self reactive cells
B, Inactivating the cell (anergy)
D. A & B
This tolerance is unresponsive to self-antigens (all the endogenous antigens).
Natural Tolerance
Function of T suppressors cells is important in suppression.
True
Antibodies against antibodies called _________.
Anti-idiotype-antibody
In Graves’ disease, antibodies blood, the TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) receptors on the thyroid gland.
True
Which of the following autoimmune disease is associated with butterfly rash on the face?
Systemic lupus (SLE, Red wolf)
Which of the following factors is/are involved in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus autoimmune disease?
A. Infection
B. HLA gene
C. A & B
Which one of the following biochemical/s is/are going to be reduced in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis?
Thyroxin
Which of the following is called rheumatoid factor?
IgM-antibody against F-c portion of a patient’s own IgG
Auto-antibodies in double-strained DNA are typical findings in which of the following disorders?
Do not have an answer here, choices: A. Rheumatoid arthritis B. Systemic lupus erythematosus C. Diabetes mellitus D. Ankylosing spondylitis
Multiple sclerosis is associated with which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions?
III & IV
The antibodies in warm agglutinin type immune hemolytic anemia consist of which of the following classes of immunoglobulins?
IgG
Allografts of lymphoid tissue are particularly immunogenic because of the high content of
MHC class II expressing cells
An example of a type III immune complex disease is
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Scleroderma (SLE)
The localized reactions to injected antigens in the same body site such as booster shoot are called ________
Arthus reaction
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of __________
A delayed type allergy
Contact dermatitis is caused by ________
Chemical absorbed by the skin
A graft transplanted between individual who are members of different species
Xenograft
Factors that affecting the immune system and decrease the immune functions are as follow:
A. Chronic disease
C. Emotional stress
D. A & C
Patient with severe immunodeficiency disease in both T-cells and B-cells compartment accept an allogenic bone marrow graft.
TRUE
Natural antibodies have the following characteristics:
A. Low affinity B. Low specificity C. Harmless D. have some rule for clearing infection E. ALL OF THE ABOVE
In natural tolerance 95% of apoptosis (PCD) of T-cells found in:
Thymus
Central Tolerance is within ________
Thymus
Matching:
- Post-Streptococal (Glomerulonephritis); B
- Arthus Reaction; C
- Serum Sickness; A
- Contact hypersensitivity; D
A. Type III hypersensitive (systemic)
B. Immune complex disease
C. Type III hypersensitivity (local)
D. Type IV
T suppressor cells prevent ______ to make antibodies, and also prevent _______ from maturing into T-cytotoxic cells.
B-cells, T cells
Preexisting infections can have positive or negative effects on immune response.
TRUE
This is an induce tolerance in which an animal will fail to respond to non-self antigens (all exogenous antigens) from outside the body that would normally be immunologic.
Acquired Tolerance
Which of the following factors are involved in autoimmune disease
A. Infection
B. Hormonal
C. Genetic
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
These monkey antigens (Rh factor) are presented in _______ of humans and absent in the other ______.
85% & 15%
Transfusion reaction may cause:
A. Destruction of the transfused cells by hemolysis opsonization
B. Increased phagocytosis
C. ALL OF THE ABOVE
The antibodies in cold agglutinin type immune hemolytic anemia consist of which of the following classes of immunoglobulins?
IgM
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with which of the following hypersensitivity?
Type III
Production of auto-antibodies may be due to ________.
A. Emergence of forbidden clone of B cells
B. Production of antibody against sequestered tissues
C. Infection-induced change in the cell receptors
D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Auto-antibodies to double-stranded DNA are typical findings in which of the following disorder?
Ankylosing spondylitis
The lack of immune response for self-antigen in the fetus is caused by _________.
A. Deletion of self reactive cells
B. Inactivating the cell (anergy)
D. Both A & B
In secondary responses the antibodies of which of the following classes of immunoglobulin is detected first?
IgM
Which of the following is an antigen presenting cell?
Platelets
Which of the following components of the complement primarily undergoes activation in the alternative complement pathway?
C3
Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve production of ________.
IgG & IgM
B cells are responsible for which allergies?
A. Asthma
B.Anaphylaxis
D. BOTH A & B
Example/s of physiologic barrier/s to infection?
Oil and Skin
Nonspecific host defense is associated with ______.
Saliva
These leucocytes have no identifiable membrane markers, can fight against cancer and belong to innate immunity.
Natural Killer Cells
This antibody has the lowest percent in blood circulation and has harmful effect.
IgE
Interferon (IFN) can interfere with viral infection. Interferon is a protein made by viral infected cells that bind to adjacent cells, and make them to be resistant to viral infection.
FALSE
IFN y can be produced by which on of the following cells?
Macrophages
Some microbes may produce peptide antigens that are similar to and cross react with , self antigen. Immune response attacks against these self antigens and produce antibodies that can cross react with tissues. These finding are based on _______.
Theory of Sequestered antigens
Prevalance of MS is _______ in tropical, and _____ in North Europe, and Central USA.
Low, High
Immunosupprasive strategies for prolongation of allograft
Antigen specific Immunosuppression
