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Immunology/ Parasitology > Immunology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Immunology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A child disturbs a wasp nest is stung repeatedly, and goes into shock within minutes, manifesting respiratory failure and vascular collapse. This is most likely to be due to?

A

Systemic Anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Type II hypersensitivities are due to

A

Complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of IgF or IgM antibodies.

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3
Q

Presentation of T-cell-dpendent antigens to B cells will be done with the help of which of the following T cells?

A

CD4

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4
Q

When the total antibody has its highest level during primary response?

A

Exponential Period

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5
Q

A primary immune response in an adult human requires approximately how much time to produce detectible antibody levels in the blood?

A

1 Week

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6
Q

Which of the following allergic response best describes hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh incompatibility?

A

Type II

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7
Q

J chain is a glycopeptide chain associated with which of the following immunoglobulin?

A

IgA

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8
Q

IgD antibody has receptors on B-cell

A

True

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9
Q

Pollen is which type of allergen, and causes which type of hpersensitivity

A

Inhalant - Type I

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10
Q

B cells are responsible for which allergies?

A

Asthma and Anaphylaxis (A & B)

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11
Q

T-Cells have the ability to respond to antigens such as

A

Protein

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12
Q

Production of IgG is involved in–

A

Immune complex disease

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13
Q

Antibody in treatment with ______ enzyme produces two identical fragments of Fab and Fc fragments.

A

Papain

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14
Q

Fc fragment of antibody can bind to C1 component of complement

A

True

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15
Q

Which type of these allergies is B cell-mediated?

A

Type II & Type III

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16
Q

Cell-associated cytotoxicity occurs in which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Type 2

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17
Q

The T helper (Th) cells produce _________, that stimulates a general increase in the activity of committed B-Cells.

A

Interleukin-2

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18
Q

Which of the following antibody cannot function as opsonin because of the lack of Fc receptor on phagocytic cells?

A

IgM

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19
Q

A cytokine, interleukin-1 produced by _________, activates the T helper cells (mature & proliferate).

A

Macrophage

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20
Q

C3 is not a stable molecule & is constantly undergoing spontaneous low level activation. Spontaneous activation of C3 is most likely to happen on cell surface components.

A

True

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21
Q

This antibody has harmful effect and has a low percent in blood circulation.

A

IgE

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22
Q

C1 component of complement has a receptor for which of the following fragments of the immunoglobin?

A

F-C

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23
Q

Which of the following components of the complement primarily undergoes activation in the alternative complement pathway?

A

C2/C4

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24
Q

Mechanism/s for cell damage in type II hypersensitivity will be caused by

A

Claccical complement cascade
Natural killer cells
Opsonization
ALL OF THE ABOVE

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25
Q

Incompatible blood transfusion could induce a hemolytic reaction that results in intravascular lysis of the RBC’s, and release of _______ from lysed cells.

A

Hemoglobin

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26
Q

Antibodies bind to antigens and cause _____

A

Opsonization
Agglutination
Neutralization
ALL OF THE ABOVE

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27
Q

_________ regions in both chains of antibody are responsible for fixing complement.

A

Variable

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28
Q

Which of the following Immunoglobin is able to activate the complement system by classic pathway?

A

IgG

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29
Q

T4 (helper) cells are able to recognize foreign antigens in combination with which of the following classes of the Majoe Histocompatibility Complex?

A

Class II molecules

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30
Q

A fetus can produce immunoglobin of which of the following classes?

A

IgM

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31
Q

This component of complement that is produced during complement activation, is the most important opsonin for activation of phagocytic cells

A

C3

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32
Q

Which of the following components of complement is called anaphylatoxin?

A

C5a and C3a (A and C)

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33
Q

In secondary antibody responses the antibodies of which of the following classes of immunoglobulin is produced most?

A

IgG

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34
Q

Which of the following is antigen presenting cell?

A

Dendritic Cells

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35
Q

Deficiency or low level ________ can cause recurrent bacterial infection (pyogenc bacteria).

A

C1, C2, C3, C4 (All of the above)

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36
Q

Combination of which of the following components of complement is called membrane attack complex?

A

C5b, C6b, C7b, C8b, C9b

37
Q

Ingeneration of atopic hypersensitivity, fixation of IgE to _______ occurs via the Fc fragment

A

Mast, Basophiles (A and B)

38
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is composed of a cluster of genes located ______

A

Chromosome 6

39
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also know as ______

A

Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)

40
Q

Theoretically, type _____ blood can not be donated to all persons because it contains ____

A

AB Antigens

41
Q

Cell associated cytotoxcity occurs in which of the following hypersensitivity reactions?

42
Q

Mechanism/s for cell damage in type II hypersensitivity

A

Classical complement cascade
Activation of Natural Killer Cells
Opsonization
ALL OF THE ABOVE

43
Q

Incompatible blood transfusion could induce a hemolytic reaction that results in intravascular lysis of the RBC’s and release of _____ from lysed cells

A

Hemoglobulin

44
Q

Antibodies bind to antigens and cause

A

Opsonization
Agglutination
Neutralization
ALL OF THE ABOVE

45
Q

_______ regions in both chains of antibody are responsible for fixing compliment.

A

Variable (V)

46
Q

Which of the following Immunoglobulin is not able to activate the complement system by classic pathway?

47
Q

C1 component of complement has a receptor for which of the following fragments of the immunoglobulin?

48
Q

Which of the following components of the complement primarily undergoes activation in the lectin complement pathway?

49
Q

T4 (helper) cells are able to recognize foreign antigens in combination with which of the following classes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex?

A

Class II molecules

50
Q

A fetus can produce immunoglobulins of which of the following classes?

51
Q

This component of complement that is produced during complement activation, is the most important opsonin for activation of phagocytic cells

52
Q

Which of the following components of complement is called anaphylatoxin?

A

C5a & C3a ( A and C)

53
Q

In secondary antibody responses the antibodies of which of the following classes of immunoglobuin is produced most?

54
Q

Which of the following is antigen presenting cell?

A

Denritic cells

55
Q

Deficiency or low levels of ____ can cause recutrrent bacterial infection (pyogenic bacteria.

A

C1, C2, C3, C4

ALL OF THE ABOVE

56
Q

Combinatino of which of the following components of complement is called membrane attack complex?

A

C5b, C6b, C7b, C8b, C9b

57
Q

In gene3ration of atopic hypersensitivity, fixation of IgE to _______ occurs via the Fc fragment

A

Mast cells
Basophils
(A and B)

58
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is composed of a cluster of genes located _____

A

Chromosome 6

59
Q

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) also known as _____

A

Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA)

60
Q

Theoretically, type ______ blood can be donated to all persons because it lack _____

A

O, antigens

61
Q

An example of a type I hypersensitivity is _____ .

62
Q

Type II hypersensitivities are due to

A

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

63
Q

Properties of haptons include

A

Reactivity but no immunogenicity

64
Q

An antigen that occurs in various tissues of same species is referred to as:

A

Alloantigen

65
Q

Antigenic site that bind to antibody are called _________

66
Q

Small moecules that have antigenic determinant group ard are not immunogenic are, ______

A

Penicillin
Catechol
(A and B)

67
Q

Some bacterial toxins are Super-Antigens. Presence of super-antigens in an infection blocks activation of T-cells.

68
Q

B-cells have the ability to respond to antigens such as _____

A

Protein
Polysaccharide
Carbohydrate
ALL OF THE ABOVE

69
Q

This antibody has lowest percent in blood circulation and has harmful effect.

70
Q

The T helper (Th) cells produce______, that stimulates a general increase in the activity of committed B-Cells.

A

Interleukin-2

71
Q

Because of the lack of Fc receptor on phagocytic cells, this antibody cannot function as opsonin.

72
Q

A cytokin, interleukin-1 produced by ________, activates the T helper cells (mature & proliferate)

A

Macrophage

73
Q

C3 is not a stable molecule and is constantly undergoing spontaneous low level activation. Spontaneous activation of C3 is most likely to happen on cell surface components.

74
Q

Examples of physiologic barrier to infection.

A

Oil & Skin

75
Q

Nonspecific host defense is associated with ________

76
Q

These leukocytes have no identifiable membrane markers, can fight against cancer and belong to innate immunity.

A

Natural Killer Cels

77
Q

This antibody has lowest percent in blood circulation and has harmful effect.

78
Q

Interferon (IFN) can interfere with viral infection. Interferon is a protein made by viral infected cells that bind to adjacent cells, and make them to be resistant to viral infection.

79
Q

IFN (y) can be produced by which one of the following cells?

A

Macrophages

80
Q

Some microbes may produce peptide antigens that are similar to, and cross-react with, self antigen. Immune response attacks against these self antigens and produce antibodies that can cross react with tissues. These finding are based on ____.

A

Theory of Sequestered Antigens

81
Q

Lymphokines play a mediator role in the manifestation of which of the following hypersensitivities?

A

A delayed type allergy
Acute contact dermatitis
(A & B)

82
Q

Prevalence of MS is ______ in tropical, and ______ in North Europe, and Central USA.

83
Q

Immunosupprasive strategies for prolongation of allograft

A

Antigen specific Immunosuppresion

84
Q

Generalized immunosuppresion is effective, but it predisposes patients to __________

85
Q

T cells are important in controlling

A

Virus Infection
Allergy
Autoimmunity
ALL OF THE ABOVE

86
Q

J chain is a glycopeptide chain associated with which of the following immunoglobulin?

87
Q

Which of the following autoimmune disease is very rare and associated with Blood vessel inflammation affecting the nose, lung, and glomuerals?

A

Wegner’ granolumatosis

88
Q

This tolerance is unresponsive to self-antigens (all the endogenous antigens ____________

A

Natural Tolerance

Immunology/ Parasitology (3 decks)

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